- 


Leading  Events  of  his  Military  Career; 

T  II   K      <>  I*+S  K  0  VI  E  S 


RICHMOND    AND     LKXI 


^ 


:?°^5 


A  NOVEL  II  INTERESTING  II!!!  I 

!  In    Press,  and  will  be  published  in  a  few  days, 

"A  PLEA  FOR  PEACE" 

|  by  .       : 

HON.  WILLIAM  B.  REED: 


BEIXW    A. 


'STATEMENT  AND   VINDICATION 


TQUETHEK    WITH 


LETTERS  OF  CORRESPONDENCE 


JUDGES  CAMPBELL,   OF    ALAKABiA. 


CERTAIN  POLITICAL  OPINIONS,  I 


This  work  was  issued  at  the  .North,  during  last  winter. 
Only  a  few  hundred  copies  were 'printed  at  the  time,  and   ; 
most  of  those  were  secured  and  destroyed  by  Lincoln's  of- 
ficials.     A  copy  of  the  work  was  sent  to  England,  and  re-  ' 
published  in  that  country,  through  the  influence  of  some 
Southern  gentlemen,  and  has  had  an  immense  circulation.   ! 
It  is  well  worth  reading.     Price,  $1.     Trade  supplied  at  a 
liberal  discount.     All  orders  promptly  filled.     Address 

IV.  S.  IVIOJR-SE  &  CO., 

AUGUSTA,  GA. 


A    COMPLETE 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH 


OF 


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r*fc 


<m: 


GIVING    A 


FULL  AND  ACCURATE  ACCOUNT 


OF   THE 


Leading  Events  of  ftis  Military  Career, 


IIIH     DYING     MOIVIK!VTN9 


T HE     OBSEQUIES 


RICHMOND    AND    LEXINGTON 


AUGUSTA,  GA.: 

STEAM   POWKE-PRE59   CHRONICLE    AND    sEIi'TiNl 


*  I 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  June,  1863,  by  Charles  Hallock,  in  the 
Clerk's  Office  of  the  District.  Court  of  the  Southern  District 'of  Georgia. 


P  R  E  F  A  C  E 


While  the  great  heart  of  the  country  mourns  with   incons 
grief  the  affliction  it  has  so  recently  suffered  in  the  death  of 

idolized  chieftain,  it  is  natural  that  the  desire  should  be  earnWl 
and  universal  to  learn  more  of  his  history  and  personal  worth. 
To  meet  this  popular  desire,  this  unpretending  little  volume  is 
now  brought  before  the  public;  and  in  so  cheap  a  form  as  to  place 
it  within  the  reach  of  all.  It  purports  to  be  nothing  more  than 
an  outline  sketch  of  the  life  and  character  of  the  hero,  soldier,  and 
Christian,  together  with  full  details  of  his  dying  hours  and  the 
honors  paid  to  his  memory  by  his  bereaved  and  devoted  country- 
men.    For  the  facts  so  hastily  drawn   together,   the  author  has 

;' >  depend,  in  a  considerable  degree,  upon  the  published  ne 
paper  accounts,  although  much  that  appears  in  these  pages,   H    is 
believed,  is  new;  to  the  public.     The  work  is  necessarily  me»{ 
from  its  very  conciseness,  yet  embraces  the  leading  events  in  thvs 
lite  of  the  illustrious  subject,  of  the  sketch. 

CHARLES  HALLpi  L 
Augusta,  May  28'tb,  1303. 


JACKSON 


"What  needs  our  hero  for  hi*  honoured  bone?. 

The  labour  of  an  age  in  piled  stones? 

Or  that  his  hallowed  reliques  should  be  hid 

Under  a  starry-pointing  pyramid? 

I  fear  son  of  memory,  preat  heir  of  fame, 

What  need'st'thou  such  weak  witness  of  thy  name  V 

Now  is  the  name  of  Jackson  doubly  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of 
the  nation.  Of  all  the  names  renowned  in  the  history  of  the  Old 
Republic,  few  shine  out  with  brighter  lustre  than  Jackson.     The 

"hero  of  New  Orleans"  fills  a  prominent  place  in  the  memory  of  a 
grateful  people.  But  Jackson,  and  Washington,  and  Jefferson, 
and  Calhoun,  with  all  that  galaxy  of  illustrious  names,  Southern 
names,  to  which  we  have  been  taught  from  childhood  to  look  with 
pride  and  admiration,  must  now  be  regarded  by  the  people  of  this 
Confederacy  as  belonging  to  an  era  that  is  past.  Of  this  noble 
1  heritage  we  must  yield  to  others  a  share  in  common  with  our- 
selves. But  the  Jackson  that  we  are  now  called  upon  to  mourn 
\b peculiarly  our  own.  He  is  identified  with  the  history  of  the 
young  Republic.  He  was  one  of  the  instruments  appointed  to 
give  her  form  and  substance  and  being,  and  a  place  among  the 
nations  of  the  earth.  With  his  strong  right  hand  he  helped  her 
to  throw  oft' the  tyrants'  chain,  and  carved  out  for  her  a  path  to 
lienor.     His  precious  blood  is  the  price  of  our  liberty. 

Henceforth  no  titles  6hall  be  employed  to  designate  the  man. 
The  name  is  of  itself  distinctive — a  tower  of  strength,  a  monolith 
of  fame.  The  succeeding  generation  will  know  no  other  Jackson, 
and  infant  lips  will  lisp  tbe  word  with  the  same  mysterious  feeling 
of  reverence  thai  prompted  us  when  we  spelled  out  the  name  of 
"The  Father  of  his  Country."  Yet  we  will  not  blot  out  the  memory 
of  the  past,  nor  permit  one  luminary  of  the  present  day  to  •  eclipse 
the  glories  of  the  old  regime;  but  choosing  the  immortal  Washing- 
ton as  the  bright  particular  star  of  our  earlier  hopes  and  civiliza- 
tion, and  Stonewall  Jackson  of  the  present,  dip  our  pen  in  the 
sunlight,  and  write  them  side  by  side  in  the  unclouded  sky  of 
rfcaven's  blue  vault. 

General  Thomas  Jonathan  Jackson  was  born  in  Clarksburg, 
Harrison  county,  Virginia,  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1824.  His 
great-grandfather,  John  Jackson,  and  his  great-grandmother, 
were  of  English  birth. 

They  emigrated  to  this  country  at  an  early  day,  and  settled  on 
the  south  branch  of  the  Potomac.     Subsequently  they  removed  to 


what  -is  now  Lewis  comity,  in  Northwestern  Virginia, 
son,  Edward,  (grandfather  of  Thomas  J.,)  was  surveyor  in 
riflon  county  for  many  years,  and  subsequently  represented  the 
count}*  of  Lewis  in  the  Legislature  for  several  years.  Jonathan 
Jackson,  the  Either  of  Gen.  Jackson,  studied  law  under  Judge 
John  C.  Jjackson,  in  Clarksburg  ;  and  then  commenced  its  prac- 
tice, acquiring  some  reputation.  He  became  embarrassed  as 
security  for  his  friends,  and  all  his  property  wag  swept  away 
before  his  death,  which  took  place  in  1827.  1yo  left  four  children, 
of  whom  Thomas,  the  youngest,  was  but  three  years  old.  An 
uncle,  then  residing  in  Lewis  county,  took  the  little  orphan  to 
live  with  him.  Here  Thomas,  by  going  to  school  three  months 
In  the  winter,  and  laboring  on  the  farm  the  residue  of  the  year,  as 
was  the  custom  with  farmers7  sons  in  Western, Virginia,  acquired 
the  rudiments  of  a  plain  English  education.  About  tlie  age  of 
seventeen  he  was  appointed  to  a  Cadetship  at  West  Point.  He 
here  graduated  with  high  distinction,  in  1810,  being  then  in  the 
23d  year  of  his  age. 

War  having  broken  out  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico, 
Jackson  at  once  entered  the  military  service  under  Gen.  Zachary 
Taylor,  with  the  rank  of  Brevet  Lieutenant.  When  Gen.  Scot  I 
was  ordered  to  Mexico,  Lieut.  Jackson  joined  him  at  Vera  Cm:;. 
At  the  siege  of  that  city,  lie  commanded  a  battery,  and  attracted 
attention  by  the  coolness  and  judgment  with  which  he  worked 
hi*  guns,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  first  Lieutenant.  Af- 
terwards, at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  lie  was  -brevetted 'Captain. 
Some  time  after  that  hotly-contested  engagement  and  brilliant 
victory  of  the  American  arms,  his  old  comrade,  General,  then 
Captain  J.  Bankhead  Magruder,  was  placed  in  command  of  a 
battery  of  six  light  pieces.  Capt.  Magruder,  1st  Artillery,  bad 
led  the  storming  party  under  Gen.  Harney  up  the  heights  of  Cerro 
Gordo.  He  was  the  first  artillery  officer  who  entered  the  enemy's 
works,  sword  in  hand — had  Captured  the  guns  and  turned  them 
on  the  retreating  foe.  Gen.  Scott  rode  into  the  works  and  ad- 
dressing Capt.  M.,  said:  "Captain,  you  have  won  these  guns  ; 
they  are  yours  ;  your  ardent  wish  for  a  light  battery  can  be  grati- 
lied.  Take  these  guns  and  mount  them.  They  shall  henceforth 
.be  Magruder's>battery.v 

Jackson  bore  an  active  and  conspicuous  part  in  all  the  battles 
of  tjie  war  that  followed,  and  especially  in  the  decisive  engage- 
ment that  resulted  in  the  capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico  and  the 
triumphant  entry  of  the  American  army  within  its  gates.  When 
that  army  was  advancing  towards  the  city,  on  its  march  from 
Uontreras,  Lieutenant  Jackson  reported  to  Captain  J  .iagmder  l\rc 
duly  in  his  battery,  having  obtained  at  last  the  desir od  transfer 
to  the  light  artillery.  Magruder  placed  him  immediately  in  com- 
inandof  a  section  of  the  battery,  and,  conspicuous  for  his  skill 
and  courage,  assigned*  him  to  a  separate  position  in  the  assault 
on  the  city.     With  characteristic  valor  and  impetuosity,  he  boldly 


assailed  the  defenses  at  the  San  Cosmo  gate  of  tlic  city,  and  con- 
trio  u  tod  powerfully,  by  his  skill  and  weJJ'direeted  tire,  to  the  sub- 
sequent capture  of  the  Capital.  His  signal  services  were  duly 
chronicled  in  the  official  report  of  ('apt.  Magruder  and  the  formal 
and  full  report  of  Gen.  Scott,  as  the  records  of  the  United  States 
Government  will  show.  The  motive  of  Ins  ardent  desire  to  join 
Magruder's  battery  was  stated  by  him  to  a  friend  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  is  characteristic.  He  said  :  "  I  wanted  to  sec  active 
service.  1  wished  to  be  near  the  enemy,  and  in  the  fight  :  and 
when  1  heard  John  Magruder  had  got  his  battery,  I  bent  all  my 
energies  to  be  with  him,  for  I  knew  if  there  was  any  fighting  t/» 
be  done,  Magruder  would  be  on  hand/1 

tie  had  previously  been   rewarded  with  successive  promotions 
for  his  gallantry  and  merit,  ant},  for  his  bravery  and  skill  on  this 
occasion,  fopk  rank  as  Brevet  Major,      The  Army  P  gist er   aud 
the  actual  history  and  facts  of  the  Mexican  war  do  not,  fin  iii 
name  of  another  person  entering  the  war  without  position 
who  attained  the  high  rank  of  major  in  the  brief  ram; 
series  of  battles  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  city  of  Mexico. 

U  the  close  of  the  Mexican  war,  Jackson  servedfor  a  lain  period 
in  Florida,  and  then  resigned  his  position  in  the  army  Uec; 
impaired  health,  and  in  1851  received  the  unanimous  appoint 

tho   Board  of  Vistors,  of  Professor  of  Natural   and  Expert 
mental    Philosophy   and   Instructor  of  Artillery  in   ihe   Virginia 
Military  institute,',    at    Lexington.       Some   very  curiqns  oiivnm- 
stances  were  connected  with  his  appointment  to  this  chair.    When 
(lie  vacancy  occurred  which  Jackson  was  destined  t<>  iii'.    Con. 
Smith'  the  superintendent,  was  instructed  by  the  Board  of  Visitor* 
to  seek,  by  private  inquiries,   some  one  suitable  for  th 
Among  those  to  whom  lie  first  applied  was  (Jen.  1).  H.  Hill 
a  professor  in  Washington  College,  we    believe.     Hill  \ 
recommended  T.  J.  Jackson,  then  serving  in  the  army  in  Florid;;. 
dill  at  that  time  had  no  family  connection  with  Jackson  ;   but  he 
knew  him  well,  and  with  a  penetration  and  sagacity  that  did  him 
much  credit,  declared  that  he  was  not  only  a  competent,  faithful. 
hie  nam,  but  had  a  great  deal  of  "outcome''  in  him. 

impairing  subsequertly  to  West  Point,  Gen.  Smith  add, 
his  inquiries  to  the  faculty  there.     They  recommended  as  eji 
■ov  the  position,  McClellan,  Kosecranz,  Foster,  Peck,  and  t»u 
W.   Smith  :  the  first  four  now  noted  Federal  Generals,  ai;d  tho 
last  an  officer  of  high  rank  in  our  own  service,  until  his  late  resig- 
nation.    Upon  Com  Smith's  stating  that  Jackson  had  been  recom- 
mended, they  said  of  him  that  he  was  an  indefatigable  man,  and 
would  do  well  ;  but  he  had  come  to  the  academy  badly  prepared. 
Inquiries  at  New  York  and  Fortress  Monroe  further  developed 
the  fact,  that  the  persons  recommended    at  West  Point  were  con 
d  better  bookmen  than  Jackson,  but  all  bore  testimony  to 
Jackson's    great   personal  worth    and  energy,   and   his      *     ,ing 
qualities, 


When  the  Board  of  Visitors  met,  Genera]  Smith  reported  the 
natne  of  Jackson  to  the  Board,  together  with  a  statement  of  the 
recommendations  and  encomiums  already  referred  to. 

It  happened  that  there  was  on  the  Board  a  member  who  ap- 
peared there  on  that  occasion  for  the  first  time;  and  the- last.  He 
at  once  advocated  Jackson's  appointment,  though  evidently  taken 
by  surprise  at  the  suggestion  of  his  name.  He  spoke  in  vei  y 
high  terms  or  Jackson,  whose  townsman  he  said  he  was,  and  told 
of  the  great  pleasure  which  his  appointment  would  give  to  the 
people  of  Northwest  Virginia.  The  man  who  thus  eulogized 
Jackson  was  J.  S.  Carlile.  He  was  the  only  one  of  the  Board  who 
knew  Jackson,  and  he  warmly  advocated  him  before  that  jury  of 
strangers. 

Influenced  by  what  they  had  thus  heard,  the  Board,  without  the 
usual  delays,  at  once  ordered  the  appointment  to  be  tendered  to 
Jackson.  The  state  of  his  health  at  the  time  aided  in  causing  him 
to'  accept  it 

Of  the  gifted  men  with  whom  Jackson  was  thus  brought  Into 
comparison,  and  to  whom  he  was  adjudged  by  all,  save  Hill  and 
his  Virginia  friends,  to  be  inferior,  which  one  has  he  not  immeasu- 
rably outstripped  ?  They  were  ranked  before  him,  but  the  inspir.i 
tion  within  him,  which  needed  only  occasion  to  develop  it,  swiftly 
assorted  its  authority.  Jackson  will  live  in  the  admiration  of  the 
world  and  the  affections  of  a  great  Republic,  long  after  those 
whose  prospects  for  fame  and  distinction  seemed  fairer,  shall  have 
been  even  forgotten  !  They  have  taken  high  rank  in  the  Federal 
army,  but  already  have  the  infamous  deeds  of  some  of  them  made 
their  names  a  hissing  and  a  reproach  among  men  and  nations. 

Jackson's  services  at  Lexington  were  not  conspicuous.  Colour! 
Gilliam  was  considered  as  the  military  genius  of  the  school,  and 
Thomas  Jackson  was  but  little  thought  of  by  the  small  hero-wor- 
shipers of  Lexington.  He,  however,  labored  assiduousty  and 
with  scrupulous  fidelity  in  the  duties  of  the  important  offices  he 
rilled  during  the  ten  years  of  his  Professorship,  and  gave  to  his 
native  State  the  valued  and  substantial  service  of  his  modest  and 
unobtrusive,  but  public  spirited  and  useful  life.  Here  he  became 
a  Soldier  of  the  Cross  ;  and,  as  a  humble,  conscientious  and  useful 
christian  man,  he  established  the  character  which  has  developed 
into  the  world-renowned  christian  hero.  The  cadets  of  the  Insti- 
tute had  but  little  partiality  for  the  taciturn,  praying  professor. 
He  was  stern  in  the  performance  of  his  duty.  At  one  time  his 
life  was  threatened  by  a  cadet  who  had  been  dismissed  from  the 
Institute  for  misdemeanor,  the  wild  boy  actually  going  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  laying  in  wait  for  him  on  the  road  leading  from  the 
Institute  to  the  village.  As  Jackson  in  his  accustomed  walk 
towards  the  village,  approached  the  spot  where  his  enemy  awaited 
him,  a  bystander  called  out  to  him  of  his  danger.  And  here  was 
manifested  that  peculiar  trait — an  utter  fearlessness  or  indifference 
to  danger,  which  has  since  so  often  shone  out  upon  many  a  battle- 


9 

field.  Perhaps  it  was  a  real  indifference  to  life,  or  more  probably, 
aTi  implicit  trust  which  he  placed  in  the  Divine  Being  to  shield 
him  from  frafm.  "Let  the  assassin  murder,  if  he  will,"  replied 
the  Professor  quietly,  as  he  walked  in  the  most  unconcerned  man- 
ner towards  the  young  man,  who  slunk  abashed  from  his  path. 

Perhaps  none  of  the  acquaintances  of  Jackson  were  more  sur- 
prised at  his  brilliant  exhibitions  of  genius  in  this  war,  than  those 
whq  knew  his  blank  life  at  the  Institute,  and  were  familiar  with 
the  stiff*  and  uninteresting  figure  that  was  to  be  seen  every  Sunday 
in  a  pew  of  the  Presb3Ttcrian  Church  at  Lexington.  But  true 
genius  awaits  occasion  commensurate  with  its  power  and  aspira- 
tion. The  spirit  of  Jackson  was  trained  in  another  school  than 
that  of  West  Point  or  Lexington,  and  had  it  been  confined  there, 
it  never  would  have  illuminated  the  page  of  history,  But  to  the 
corps  oi'  Cadets  of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  what  a  legacy 
he  has  left  ;  what  an  example  of  all  that  is  good  and  great  and 
true  in  the  character  of  a  Christian  Soldier  ! 

We  come  now  to  the  most  eventful  period  of  his  eventful  life — 
i  period  of  painful  interest  to  every  citizen  of  this  Confederacy, 
and  ono  in  which  each,  however  obscure,  has  borne  his  humble  part. 

When  the  first  harsh  note  of  war  called  our  country's  sons  to 
battle,  Jackson  repaired  at  once  to  Richmond,  where  he  was  com- 
mii ;sio nod  Colonel  by  _  Gov.  Letcher,  and  attached  to  Gen.  John- 
ston's command  on  the  Upper  Potomac.  Directly  after,  being 
ordered  to  take  command  at  Harper's  Ferry,  he  reached  that  post 
on  May  2d,  1861,  and  the  next  day  entered  upon  his  duties.  From 
that  time  until  the  memorable  day  on  which  he  received  his  fatal 
wound,  he  was  never  absent  from  service.  That  was  the  3d  of 
May,  1S63,  completing  the  exact  period  of  two  years  of  unremit- 
ting toil. 

At  Falling  Waters,  on  the  2d  of  July,  1861,  he  engaged  the 
advance  of  Patterson,  and  gave  the  Yankees  one  of  the  first 
exemplifications  of  his  ready-witted  strategy  ;  as  Patterson  never 
knew,  that  for  several  hours,  he  was  fighting  an  insignificant 
force,  skillfully  disposed  to  conceal  their  weakness,  while  John- 
ston was  making  his  dispositions  in  the  rear. 

The  first  conspicuous  services  of  Jackson  in  this  war  were  ren- 
dered at  Manassas,  in  1861  ;  although  the  marks  of  active  deter- 
mination he  had  shown  on  the  Upper  Potomac,  and  the  affair  of 
Falling  Waters,  had  already  secured  for  him  promotion  to  a 
Brigadier  Generalship.  Just  previous  to  that  battle,  perhaps 
better  known  as  the  Battle  of  Bull  Pun,  when  the  troops  under 
his  command  had  made  a  forced  march,  on  halting  at  night,  they 
fell  on  the  ground  exhausted  and  faint.  The  hour  arrived  for 
setting  the  watch  for  the  night.  The  officer  of  the  day  went  to 
the  General's  tent,  and  said,  "General,  the  men  are  all  wearied, 
and  there  is  not  one  but  is  asleep.     Shall  I  wake  them  ?" 

"  No  !"  said  the  noble  Jackson,  "let  them  sleep,  and  I  will  watch 
the  camp  to-night." 


10 

And  all  night  long  he  rode  round  that  lonely  camp,  the  one  lone 
sentinel  for  that  brave,  but  weary  and  silent  host  of  Virginia 
heroes.  And  when  glorious  morning  broke,  the  soldiers  woke 
refreshed,  and  ready  for  action,  all  unconscious  of  the  noble  vigils 
kept  over  their  slumber. 

A  similar  instance  is  related,  when  Jackson  occupied  a  small 
farm  house  on  a  certain  night,  and  allowed  his  under  officers  to 
sleep,  while  he  spent  the  passing  hours  in  prayer,  walking  the 
turnpike  before  the  quarters,  or  looking*  in  at  intervals  upon  the. 
men, — until  just  before  dawn,  when  a  vacated  place  upon  an  un- 
hung gate  afforded  him  a  short  season  of  rest. 

Again,  in  a  house  that  was  used  as  a  temporary  hospital,  he 
exercised  a  kindly  care  and  supervision  of  the  wounded  men, 
moving  quietly  among  the  sufferers,  and  administering  to  their 
wants  with  tender  solicitude. 

Manifold  and  touching  are  the  anecdotes  like  these,  illustrative 
of  the  noble  character  of  Jackson,  of  his  self-denial,  and  kindly 
regard  for  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  his  men.  No  wonder  that 
i hey  loved  him,  or  that  his  example  excited  in  their  breasts  ;>. 
spirit  of  emulation  to  do  or  dare  aught  that  the  exigencies  of  the 
occasion  might  demand  !  No  wonder  that  they  valued  his  ap- 
proving nod  more  than  the  fulsome  praise  that  others  might 
bestow  ! 

That  be  was  rot  unmindful  either  of  the  sufferings  of  his  foes', 
the  testimony  of  the  Federal  nurse  bears  witness, — who  has  con- 
trasted in  glowing  colors  his  prompt  assistance  and  sympathy 
with  the  tardiness  and  indifference  of  McDowell,  who  had  left  his 
wounded  to  the  tender  mercies  of  their  enemies.  The  case  of  trie 
men  was  urgent  and  wrought  upon  the  sympathies  of  Jackson. 
who  could  not  see  them  suffer  and  die  from  neglect  ;  and  he  him- 
self provided  for  their  comfort  and  relief.  The  story  is  told  in 
Northern  papers.  Equally  sensitive  was.  his  regard  for  tb  • 
rights  of  property.  He  allowed  no  trespass  which  militar;, 
necessity  did  not  absolutely  require.  On  one  occasion  'he  caused 
a  young  soldier  who  had  captured  a  Yankee,  to  return  to  t'>; 
prisoner  an  overcoat  which  he  had  appropriated  to  supply  a 
positive  need  during  a  heavy  rain  storm.  Instances  might  be  mul- 
tiplied, but  these  will  suffice  to  illustrate  the  character  of  our  hero. 

Jackson  spoke  his  first  immortal  words  at  Manassas,  when  he 
stayed  the  retreat  of  our  forces  "just  as  it  verged  on  irretrievalile 
disaster.  The  enemy  were  pressing  hard.  Overwhelmed  by 
superior  numbers  (the  record  runs,)  and  compelled-to  yield  before 
a  fire  that  swept  everything  before  it,  the  heroic  Gen.  Bee  rode  up 
and  down  his  lines,  encouraging  his  troops  by  everything  fchsit 
was  dear  to  them,  to  stand  up  and  repel  the  tide  which  threatened 
them  with  destruction.  At  last  his  own  brigade  dwindled  away 
to  a  mere  handfull,  with  every  field  officer  killed  or  disabled.  He 
rode  up  to  Gen.  Jackson,  and  said  :  "  General,  they  are  beating 
ns  back  !"  ♦ 


11 

"No,. "sir!"  replied  the  invincible,  as  his  eyes  blazed  wi.h  .) 
victorious  courage,  "  We'll  give  them  the  bayon* 

(.'en.  Bee  immediately  rallied  the  remnant  of  his  brigade,  and 
his  last  words  to  them  were  :  "  There  is-  Jackson  slandting  like  a 
^(one-wall.  Let  us  determine  to  die  here,  and  we  will  conquer. 
i'Y>llow  me  !" 

Scarcely  had  he  spoken  these  memorable  words,  when  lie  fell 
dead  upon  the  field  ;  but  their  utterance  proved  a  legacy  to  the 
immortal  Jackson  and  his  lion-hearted  Brigade  more  highly  prized 
than  any  gifts  within  the  power  of  kings  or  potentates  to  bestow, 
because  associated  with  heroic  achievements  and  deeds  of  Valor, 
and  victories  wrung  from  the  category  of  impossibilities.  T'm<' 
homely  soubriquet  of."  Stonewall  "  will  live  in  history  long  after 
generations  yet  to  come  shall  have  passed  away — will  gleam 
with  living  lire  when  bronze  shall  have  corioded  and  marble 
crumbled  into  dust.*  The  rout  and  panic  that  thereafter  followed 
have  already  become  a  part  of  the  annals  of  the  new  Republic. 

Jackson's  fame  was  now  fully  established.      But  in  the  meeds 
so  nobly  won  was  embraced  a  moral  triumph  not  less  signal  than 
i  he  victory  he  bad  gained  over  the  foes  of  his  country.     The  emi- 
nent qualifications  of  a  great  commander,  which  he  had  shown 
himself  to  possess,  dashed  to  atoms  the*  insinuations  that  had  1 
made  as  to  his  lack  of  capacity,  and  bro  ight  a  blush  of.  shame  to 
the  cheeks  of  those  who  made  merry  at  the  first  apparition  of  the 
future  hero  on  the  battle  field.      His  queer  figure  on  horseback, 
end  the  habit  of  settling  his  chin  in  his  stock,  were  very  amusing 
to  some  who  made  a  flippant  jest  of  the  military  specimen  of  the 
<  )ld  Dominion.    The  jest  is  forgiven  and  forgotten  in  the  tribut- 
admiration  and  love  which  were  to  ensue  to  the  popular  hero 
the  war. 

If  the  truth  be  told,  however,  Jackson  was  not  an  elegant  rider. 
lie  sat  stilly  in  the  saddle,  with  arms  akimbo  and  legs  rigidly 
straightened;  before  him,  and  toes  pointing  zenith-ward  ;  and 
when  his  beast  started  off  on  his  inevitable  lope,  the  General':-. 
body  swayed  in  accompaniment,  with  an  awkward  jerking  motion, 
as  though  a  stiff  spring  had  been  inserted  beneath  the  bad 
his  saddle.  Neither  was  his  bearing-  altogether  martial,  and  n<  i 
improved  by  the  shocking  slouched  hat  that  he  almost  invariably 
wore. 

The  truth  is,  that  Jackson  was  not  educated  in  Mr.  Turvydrop"s 
school  of  politeness,  nor  versed  in  the  poetry  of  motion.  His  was 
that  true  politeness  which  is  prompted  by  a  kindly  heart,  and 
consists  not  in  graceful  postures  or  sickening  grimaces,  but  in 
benevolent  acts  and  endeavors  to  increase  the  happiness  of  one's 
fellows.  Indeed,  his  soldiers  came  to  love  him  for  his  very  eccen- 
tricities, albeit  they  at  times  provoked  a  smile.  He  was  always 
cheered  when  under  the  eye  of  the  army,  and  on  such  occasions 
loped  away  as  fast   as  he  could  with  his  body  bent  forward,  and 

•See  Appendix  A. 


12 

holding-  Jjis  hat  out  stiffly  before  him,  by  way  of  a  salute,  like  a 
rusty-jointed  collector  of  contributions  at  a  protracted  meeting. 
He  seemed  embarrassed  by  any  marked  courtesies  extended 
to  him. 

But  Jackson  was  not  always  indifferent  to  his  personal  attire;. 
There  were  occasions  on  which  he  bestowed  more  than  usual 
attention  to  his  dress,  and  then  his  appearance  was  commanding, 
and  even  elegant,  It  is  affirmed  by  many  who  were  familiar  with 
his  habits,  that  this  special  regard  to  his  attire  was  an  infallible 
sign  of  an  approaching  battle.  Even  so  on  the  day  before  he 
received  his  fatal  wound  ;  his  coat  and  pants  were  of  the  usual 
greyish  blue,  but  of  the  finest  quality,  and  the  gold-lace  fancy 
work  on  his  sleeve  looked  as  if  it  might  have  been  put  on  the 
day  before  ;  his  boots  were  well  glossed  and  his  spurs  looked  like 
burnished  gold.  He  wore  buck  gloves  with  cuffs  that  came  half- 
way up  to  his  elbows,  and  a  black  felt  hat  of  the  fashion  usually 
worn  by  officers.  His  costume  was  most  befitting  to  his  rank,  and 
he  looked  every  inch  the  officer  that  he  was. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  expeditions  and  marches  of  Jack- 
son was  in  the  depth  of  the  winter  of  1861-'2,  when  he  was  sent 
from  Gen.  Johnston's  lines  to  Winchester. 

On  the  first  of  January,  1862,  he  marched  with  his  command 
from  Winchester  to  Bath,  in  Morgan  county,  and  from  the  latter 
place  to  Romney  where  there  had  been  a  large  Federal  force  for 
many  weeks,  and  from  which  point  they  had  committed  extensive 
depredations  on  the  surrounding  country.  Gen.  Jackson  drove 
the  enemy  from  Komney  and  the  neighboring  country  without 
much  fighting.  His  troops,  however,  endured  the  severest  hard- 
ships in  the  expedition.  Their  sufferings  were  terrible  in  what 
was  the  severest  portion  of  the  winter.  They  were  compelled  at 
one  time  to  struggle  through  an  almost  blinding  storm  of  snow 
and  sleet,  and  to  bivouac  at  night  in  the  forests,  without  tents 
or  camp  equipage.  Many  of  the  troops  were  frozen  on  the  march,  • 
and  died  from  exposure  and  exhaustion. 

In  this  terrible  expedition  Jackson  gave  the  most  remarkable 
proofs  of  his  grim  energy  in  the  field  and  the  iron  mould  in  which 
he  was  cast.  His  men  were  becoming  acquainted  with  the  habits 
of  their  commander.  He  appeared  to  be  a  man  of  almost  super- 
human endurance.  Neither  heat  nor  cold  made  the  slightest  im- 
pression upon  him.  Good  quarters  and  dainty  fare  were  as  no- 
thing to  him.  He  lived  as  his  soldiers  lived,  and  endured  all  the 
fatigue  and  all  the  suffering  that  they  endured.  He  partook  of 
but  few  social  enjoyments.  Never  absent  a  single  day  from  duty, 
he  did  everything  with  the  quiet,  stern  energy  of  an  iron  will. 

'"A  frame  of  adamant,  a  soul  of  fire, 

No  dangers  fright  him  and  no  labors  tire; 

O'er  love,  o'er  fear,  extends  his  wide  domain, 

IJnconquered  lord  of  pleasure  and  of  pain. 

No  joys  to  him  pacific  sceptres  yield : 

War  sounds  the  trump,  he  rushes  to  the  field/' 


13 

Without  doubt,  the  most  brilliant  and  extraordinary  passage 
in  the  military  life  of  General  Jackson  was  the  ever  famous  cam- 
paign of  the  summer  of  1862  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia.  That 
campaign,  in  which,  in  the  short  space  of  one  month,  he  drove 
back  into  the  enemy's  territory  four  Generals,  with  large  cap- 
tures in  prisoners  and  stores,  made  the  most  brilliant  part  of  his 
reputation.  In  a  few  weeks  the  name  of  Jackson  mounted  to  the 
zenith  of  fame.  In  dramatic  effects,  in  rapid  incidents  and  in 
swift  and  sudden  renown,  Iris  name  challenged  comparison  with 
the  most  extraordinary  phenomena  in  the  annals  of  military  genius. 

In  the  spring  of  1862,  Gen.  Jackson  had  been  placed  in  com- 
mand of  the  small  army  of  observation  which  held  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Shenandoah  and  the  country  about  Staunton.  It 
was  intended  that  he  should  remain  quasi  inactive,  to  watch  the 
enemy  and  wait  for  him  ;  but  he  soon  commenced  maneuvering 
on  his  own  responsibility,  and  ventured  upon  a  scale  of  operations 
that  threw  the  higher  military  authorities  at  Richmond  into  a 
fever  of  anxiety  and  alarm. 

In  less  than  thirty  days  he  dashed  at  Fremont's  advance,  west 
of  Staunton,  and  driving  it  back,  wheeled  his  army,  swept  down 
the  Valley  and  drove  Banks  across  the  Potomac.  Returning  to 
the  upper  Valley,  he  maneuvered  around  for  three  weeks — in  the 
meantime  dealing  Fremont  a  heavy  blow  at  Cross  Keys  and 
•defeating  Shields  in  the  Luray  Valley — and  then  suddenly  swept 
down  the  Virginia  Central  Railroad,  via  Gordonsville,  on  McClcl- 
lan's  right,  before  Richmond. 

His  own  official  report  of  this  splendid  exploit  is  characteristic, 
and  testifies  to  his  modesty  and  unselfishness,  and  the  humility 
with  which  he  accepted  the  victories  he  won  as  manifest  tokens 
of  the  gracious  favor  witli  which  Heaven  regarded  our  cause. 
He  took  no  credit  to  himself,  but  ascribed  all  success  to  the 
intrepid  valor  and  endurance  of  his  soldiers  and  to  the  will  of 
Providence.     It  is  dated — 

"Headquarters,  Winchester,  May  2G,  1S62. 

"  Within  four  weeks  this  army  has  made  long  and  rapid  marches, 
fought  six  combats  and  two  battles,  signally  defeating  the  enemy 
in  each  one,  captured  several  stands  of  colors  and  pieces  of  artil- 
lery, with  numerous  prisoners,  and  vast  medical,  ordnance,  and 
army  stores,  and  finally  driven  the  boastful  host,  which  was 
ravaging  our  beautiful  country,  into  utter  rout.  The  General 
Commanding  would  warmly  express  to  the  officers  and  men  under 
his  command,  his  joy  in  their  achievement,  and  his  thanks  for 
their  brilliant  gallantry  in  action  and  their  patient  obedience 
under  the  hardships  of  forced  marches,  often  more  painful  to  the 
brave  soldier  than  the  dangers  of  battle. 

"The  explanation  of  the  severe  exertions  to  which  the  Com- 
manding General  called  the  army,  which  were  endured  by  them 
with  such  cheerful  confidence  in  him,  is  now  given  in  the  victory 
of  yesterday.     He  receives  this  proof  of  their  confidence  in  the 


14 

past  with  pride  and  gratitude,  and  asks  onlyfa  similar  confidence 
in  the  future.  But  his  chief  duty  to-day,  and  that  of  the  army, 
is  to  recognize  devoutly  the  hand  of  a  protecting  Providence  in 
the  brilliant  successes  of  the  last  three  days,  which  have  given 
us  the  results  of  a  great  victory  without  great  losses,  and  tq 
make  the  oblation  of  our  thanks  to  God  for  his  mercies  to  us  and 
our  country,  in  heart-felt  acts  of  religious  worship.  For  this  pur- 
pose, the  troops  will  remain  in  camp  to-day,  suspending,  as  far 
as  practicable,  all  military  exercises,  and  the»chaplains  of  regi- 
ments will  hold  divine  service  in  their  several  charges  at  four 
o'clock,  p.  v.,  to-day. 

"  Per  order,"  etc. 

The  soldiers  of  that  Brigade  will  cherish  this  simple  order  of 
their  General  as  a  most  sacred  heir-loom,  and  teach  their  chil- 
dren's children  to  trace  out  with  their  infant  fingers  the  precious 
words.  How  faithfully  they  gave  him  that  simple  confidence  he 
asked,  their  subsequent  career  lias  abundantly  shown.  Illus- 
trious commander  !  noble  men  ! 

The  part  that  Jackson  played  in  winding  up  the  campaign  on 
the  Peninsula  is  well  known  ;  how  anxiously,  day  after  day,  his 
advent  was  awaited  by  the  Confederate  forces  that  were  battling 
with  McGlellan's  overwhelming  host  ;  liow  they  at  last  utterly 
despaired  of  his  coming  ;  how  victory  then  seemed  trembling  in 
the  balance,  and  ttie  Confederates,  sorely  pressed  and  wavering, 
were  on  the  point  of  yielding  the  field  ;  how  he  unexpectedly 
arrived  at  this  critical  juncture,  after  a  most  rapid  and  toilsome 
march,  and  crossing  the  Chickahominy  just  at  the  nick  of  time, 
fell  upon  McClellan's  flank  and  rear,  and  dealt  him  such  blows  as 
drove  him  from  his  position  ;  how  he  dashed  from  point  to  point, 
always  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  and  just  where  his  services 
were  needed  most ;  and  how,  after  a  sanguinary  conflict  of  several 
hours,  he  succeeded  in  capturing  all  the  batteries  on  his  front, 
consisting  of  eighteen  guns,  and  ceased  at  last  from  his  labors 
only  when  the  enemy,  discomfited  and  confused,  was  driven 
ingloriously  to  the  cover  of  his  gunboats. 

Since  that  memorable  and  decisive  series  of  battles  before 
Richmond,  the  military  services  of  Jackson  have  been  many  and 
valuable  ;  but  they  are  comparatively  fresh  in  the  recollections 
of  the  public.  It  is  proper,  however,  to  notice  the  distinct  part 
which  he  took  in  the  summer  campaign  against  Pope  ;  as  we  do 
not  believe  that  justice  has  been  done  to  Jackson's  contribution 
to  the  Second  Battle  of  Manassas^ 

At  the  outset  of  this  campaign,  it  was  probably  the  design  of 
Gen.  Lee,  with  the  bulk  of  the  Confederate  army,  to  take  the 
front,  left  and  right,  aud  engage  Gen.  Pope  at  or  near  the  Rapidan, 
while  Jackson  and  Ewell  were  to  cross  the  Shenandoah  river  and 
mountains,  cut  off  his  supplies  by  way  of  the  railroad,  and  menace 
his  rear.  It  will  at  once  be  noticed  that  this  adventure,  on  the 
part  of  Jackson,  was  difficult  and  desperate  ;  it  took  the  risk  of 


15 

any  new  movements  of  Pope,  by  which  he  (Jackson)  himself 
might  be  cut  off.  It  was  obvious,  indeed,,  that  if  Pope  could 
reach  Gordonsville,  he  would  cut  off  Jackson's  supplies,  and  this 
risk  had  to  be  taken  by  the  intrepid  commander. 

Cedar  Mountain  was  fought  and  won  from  Pope  tfcfore  he  knew 
the  campaign  was  opened.  Jackson  fell  back,  but  only^to  flank 
him  on  the  right.  Pope  retired  from  the  Eapidan  to  the  Rappa- 
hannock, but  Jackson  swung  still  further  round  to  the  north  and 
outflanked  him  again.  Yet  again  he  gave  up  the  Rappahannock 
and  fell  back  south  of  Warrcnton,  and,  for  the  third  time,  Jackson 
outflanked  him  through  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  at  last  got  in  his 
rear.  Pope  now  had  to  fight ;  and  the  victory  which  perched 
upon  our  banners  was  the  most  brilliant  of  the  war. 

The  participation  of  Jackson  in  the  campaign  of  Maryland,  and 
that  of  the  Rappahannock,  shared  their  glory,  but  without  occa- 
sion for  observation  on  those  distinct  and  independent  movements 
which  were  his  forte,  and  for  the  display  of  which  he  had  room  in 
the  Valley  campaign,  and  that  against  Pope. 

An  incident  occurred  just  upon  the  eve  of  the  first  battle  be- 
fore Fredericksburg,  which  is  illustrative  of  his  natural  reti- 
cence— for  he  was  habitually  reserved  and  uncommunicative, 
never  told  his  plans  and  never  joked.  On  this  occasion,  however, 
he  almost  perpetrated  a  joke,  and  the  recollection  thereof' will 
haunt  the  last  survivor  of  those  who  were  witnesses  of  the  same. 
It  was  the  narrowest  escape  he  ever  had.  The  battle  was  just 
about  to  break  ;  indeed,  it  had  already  commenced,  and  Jackson 
sat  intently  surveying  the  field  before  him,  when  a  young  officer, 
ambling  confidentially  alongside,  asked  him,  in  the  presence  ol 
several  others  now  intensely  interested,,  what  his  plans  of  attack 
or  defence  were  ;  "  for,"  said  he,  "  if  you  should  fall,  General,  it 
would  be  important  that  they  should  be  known." 

Jackson  directly  bent  his  body  with  a  most  gracious  smile,  and 
placing  his  hand  to  his  mouth,  and  his  mouth  to  the  ear  of  the 
eager  and  now  hugely  gratified  inquirer,  asked  in  a  whisper 
tolerably  loud  : 

"  Can  you  keep  a  secret  ?" 

"  Oh,  most  assuredly,"  was  the  answer. 

To  whom  Jackson,  in  a  louder  voice  and  in  tone  perhaps  a 
trifle  triumphant,  replied:  "And  so  can  IP  then  digging  his 
spurs,  cantered  rapidly  away,  his  keen  grey  eyes  peering  from 
under  the  slouched  brim  of  his  hat,  and  looking  neither  to  the 
right  nor  the  left — amid  the  uproarious  laughter  of  the  interested 
listeners,  and  the  utter  discomfiture  of  the  man  of  inquiring  mind. 

At  another  time  he  is  reported  to  have  remarked,  when  quo 
turned  as  to  his  plans  : 

"  If  my  coat-tail  knew  what  is  in  my 
He  never  failed  to  manifest  his  aversion 
tiveness,  and  this  habitual  reticence  was 
traits. 


head,  I  would  cut  it  off."      ^VJ 
to  anything  like  inquisi- 
as^one.of  his  strongest  3 


16 

It  was  during  the  succeeding  winter  and  the  spring  of  1863, 
that  Jackson's  private  character,  and  especially  the  evidences  of 
his  piety,becarne  known  to  the  troops  in  camp.  It  was  then  that 
they  learned  to  esteem  him  as  a  father.  He  was  most  assiduous 
in  the  revival  work  which  was  then  progressing  throughout  the 
army  of  the  Rappahannock,  and  especially  in  his  own  corps.  That 
was  a  solemn  and  ever  memorable  season.  Whole  brigades  were 
blessed  by  God's  presence.  Chaplains  and  missionaries  united  in 
preaching  the  word  of  life,  and  often  the  assemblage  of  soldiers 
was  larger  than  could  be  gathered  within  reach  of  the  speaker's 
voice  (some  two  thousand  or  more),  and  of  these,  as  many  as 
five  hundred,  officers  and  men,  might  be  seen  pressing  forward 
together  to  crave  Divine  favor  in  their  behalf.  The  good  work 
was  wonderful,  and  at  a  time  that  might  have  been  deemed  any- 
thing but  auspicious. 

Among  those  who  were  prominent  in  these  labors  of  Christian 
love  among  the  soldiers,  was  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  C.  Stiles,  a  clergy- 
man eminent  in  his  profession,  and  universally  beloved,  and  one 
of  Jackson's  warmest  friends.  He  "had  passed  nearly  the  whole 
winter  in  the  camp  of  Jackson's  corps,  and  from  their  daily  inter- 
course and  associations,  the  two  had  acquired  for  each  other  more 
than  a  fraternal  regard.  At  length  it  became  necessary  that  they 
should  part,  for  the  Doctor's  duties  called  him  to  another  field  of 
labor.  On  the  evening  of  his  departure,  he  visited  Jackson  in 
his  tent,  where  was  had  a  most  cordial  interview,  in  the  course  of 
wrhich  the  conversation  turned  upon  a  pamphlet  which  the  Doctor 
had  recently  published  upon  the  subject  of  "  National  Rectitude..'' 
Of  this  they  talked  much,  and  of  kindred  topics.  When  the" 
Doctor  took  his  hand  to  bid  him  farewell,  Jackson  said,  "  Well, 
Doctor — good  bye  !  Now,  you  will  do  your  part  in  preaching, 
and  I'll  do  mine  in  .fighting  ;  and  we  will  all  pray,  and  the  L'pid 
will  help  us  and  make  us  a  righteous  nation.  Remember, .Doctor, 
you'll  do  your  part— now,  won't  you  ?" 

Was  there  ever  such  childlike  simplicity  ?  or  a  nobler  repre- 
sentative of  the  church  militant  ? 

Jackson's  regard  for  and  strict  observance  of  the  Sabbath,  is 
exemplified  in  the  following  extract  of  a  letter  to  Col.  A.  R.  Boteler  ; 

"  Guiney's  Department,  Caroline  County,  Va.,  \ 
"December  10,  1862.  ) 
"  I  have  read  with  great  interest  the  report  of  the  Congressional 
Committee,  recommending'  the  repeal  of  the  law  requiring  the 
mails  to  be  carried  on  the  Sabbath,  and  I  hope  that  you  will  feel 
it  a  duty,  as  well  as  a  pleasure,  to  urge  its  repeal.  I  do  not  see 
how  a  nation  that  thus  arrays  itself  by  such  a  law  against  God's 
holy  day  can  expect  to  escape  His  wrath.  The  punishment  of 
national  sins  must  be  confined  to  this  world,  as  there  are  no 
nationalities  beyond  the  grave.  For  fifteen  years  I  have  refused 
to  mail  letters  on   Sunday,  or  to  take  them  out  of  the  office  on 


IT 

chat  day,  except  since  I  came  into  the  field  ;  and,  so  iur  i'ro«t 
having  to  regret  my  course,  it  has  been  a  source  of  true  enjoy  - 
ment.  I  have  never  sustained  loss  in  observing  what  God  enjoin?, 
and  I  am  well  satisfied  that  the  law  should  be  repealed  at  the 
earliest  practicable  moment.  My  rule  is  to  let  the  Sabbath  mails 
remain  unopened  unless  they  contain  a  dispatch  ;  but  dispatcher 
are  generally  sent  by  couriers,  or  telegraph,  or  by  some  special 
messenger.  I  do  not  recollect  a  single  instance  of  any  special 
dispatch  having  reached  me  since  the  commencement  of  ihej/ff* 
!>y  the  mails.  ^^ 

"If  you  desire  the  repeal  of  the  law,  I  trust  you  will  bring  all 
your  influence  to  bear  in  its  accomplishment.  Now  is  the  time,  . 
it  appears  to  me,  to  effect  so  desirable  an  object.  I  understand 
that  not  only  is  our  President,  but  also  most  of  our  Colonels,  and 
a  majority  of  our  Congressmen,  are  professing  Christians.  God 
has  greatly  blessed  us,  and  I  trust  He  will  make  us  that  people  to 
whom  God  is  the  Lord.  Let  us  look  to  God#for  an  illustration  in 
our  history,  that  •righteousness  exalteth  a  nation,  but  sin  is  a 
reproach  to  any  people.' 

"Very  trtilyj  your  friend. 

T.  .).  JACKSON. 
•To  Col.  A:  B.  BoTttiBR,  Richmond,  W' 

Another  letter  upon  the  same  subject  was  addressed  to  Gel. 
Preston  of  Virginia,  as  recently  as  April  27th,  and,  it  is  reason* 
ble  to  suppose,  was  the  last  he  ever  wrote.  A  special  interest, 
therefore,  attaches  to  it.     It  runs  as  foil- 

•"Near  FrkdebicKSJI*rg,  April  27,  1968. 

•'Dear  Colonel  :  1  am  much  gratified  to  sec  that  you  aro  our 
of  the  delegates  to  the  General  Assembly  of  our  church,  and  i.-, 
write  to  express  the  hope  that  something  may  be  accomplished 
by  you  at  the  meeting  of  that  influential  body  towards  repealin  g 
the  law  requiring  our  mails  to  be  carried  on  the  Christian  Sab- 
bath. Recently  I  reeeived  a  letter  from  a  member  of  Congress, 
expressing  the  hope  that  the  House  of  Representatives  would  ad 
upon  the  subject  during  the  present  session,  and  from  the  men- 
tion made  of  Col.  Chilton  and  Mr  Curry  of  Alabama,  I  infer  thai 
they  are  members  of  the  committee  which  recommended  the  re 
peal  of  the  law,  though  of  this  I  am  not  certain.  A  few  days 
since  I  received  a  very  gratifying  letter  from  Mr.  Curry  which 
was  entirely  voluntary  oh  his  part,  as  I  was  a  stranger  to  him. 
and  there  had  been  no  previous  correspondence  between  us.  His 
letter  is  of  a  cheering  character,  and  he  takes  occasion  to  sat 
that  divine  laws  can  be  violated  with  impunity  neither  by  govern- 
ments nor  individuals.  I  regret  to  say  that  he  is  fearful  that  th<- 
anxiety  of  members  to  return  home,  and  the  press  of  the  busine=5.> 
will  prevent  the  desired  action  this  session.  I  have  said  thu& 
5fi*ch  in  order  that  you  may  s«e  that  Congressional  aetion  is  t* 


18 

be  looked  for  next  session,  and  hence  the  importance  that  Chris- 
tians act  promptly,  so  that  our  Legislature  may  see  the  current 
of  public  opinion  before  they  take  up  the  subject.  I  hope  and 
pray  that  such  may  be  our  country's  sentiment  on  this  and  kin- 
dred subjects,  that  our  statesmen  will  see  their  way  clear.  Now 
appears  to  me  an  auspicious  moment  for  action,  as  the  people  are 
looking  to  God  for  assistance. 

"  Verv  truly,  your  friend, 
**||  "T.  J.  JACKSON." 

Every  opinion  of  this  great  man,  who  has  so  recently  given  his 
life  for  his  country,  ought  to  have  weight  with  his  countrymen. 
At  the  late  Presbyterian  General  Assembly  a  letter  was  read  in 
which  he  gave,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  another,  and  through 
his  modest  appreciation  of  himself  with  evident  reluctance,  his 
opinion  on  the  subject  of  providing  religious  instruction  for  the 
Army.     We  make  some  extracts.     He  says  : 

"  My  views  are  summed  up  in  few  words. 

"  Each  branch  of  the  Christian  Church  should  send  into  the 
army  some  of  its  most  prominent  ministers  who  are  distinguished 
for  their  piety,  talents  and  zeal,  and  such  ministers  should  labor  to 
produce  concert  of  action  among  chaplains  and  Christians  in  the 
army.  These  ministers  shotild  give  special  attention  to  preaching 
to  regiments  which  are  without  chaplains,  and  induce  them  to 
take  steps  to  get  chaplains,  to  let  the  regiments  name  the  denomi- 
nations from  which  they  desire  chaplains  selected,  and  then  to  see 
that  suitable  chaplains  are  secured.  A  bad  selection  of  a  chaplain 
may  prove  a  curse  instead  of  a  blessing.  If  the  few  prominent 
ministers  thus  connected  with  each  army  would  cordially  co- 
operate. I  believe  that  glorious  fruits  would  be  the  result.  De- 
nominational distinctions  should  be  kept  out  of  view — and  not 
touched  upon.  And,  as  a  general  rule,  I  do  not  think  that  a  chap- 
lain who  would  preach  denominational  sermons  should  be  in  the 
army.  His  congregation  is  his  regiment,  and  it  is  composed  of 
various  denominations.  I  would  like  to  sec  no  question  asked  in 
the  army  what  denomination  a  chaplain  belongs  to,  but  let  the 
question  be,  does  he  preach  the  Gospel  ?  The  neglect  of  the 
spiritual  interests  of  the  army  may  be  seen  from  the  fact  that  not 
one  half  of  my  regiments  have  chaplains.      *     *     *     *     *     * 

"  Among  the  wants  of  the  Church  in  the  army,  is  some  ministers 
of  such  acknowledged  superiority  and  zeal,  as  under  God,  to  be 
the  means  of  giving  concert  of  action.  Our  chaplains,  at  least 
in  the  same  military  organization  encamped  in  the  same  neigh- 
borhood, should  have  their  meetings,  and  through  God's  blessing- 
devise  successful  plans  for  spiritual  conquests.  All  the  other 
departments  of  the  army  have  system,  and  such  system  exists  in 
any  other  department  of  the  service,  that  no  one  of  its  officers 
can  neglect  his  duty  without  diminishing  the  efficiency  of  his 
branch  of  the  service.    And  it  appears  to  me  that  when  men  see 


19 

what  attention  is  bestowed  secularly  in  comparison  with  what  is 
religiously,  they  naturally  under-estimatc  the  importance  of  re- 
ligion. From  what  I  have  said,  you  may  think  I  am  despondent: 
but  thanks  to  an  ever  kind  Providence,  such  is  not  the  case.  1 
do  not  know  when  so  many  men  brought  together  without  any  re- 
ligious test,  exhibit  so  much  religious  feeling. 

11  The  striking  feature  is  that  so  much  that  is  hopeful  should 
exist,  when  so  little  human  instrumentality  has  been  employed 
for  its  accomplishment.  In  civil  life  ministers  have  regular  meet- 
ings to  devise  means  for  co-operation  in  advancing  the  interests  of 
the  Church.  This  ean  be  done  in  the  army,  and  I  am  persuaded 
it  should  be.  *         ::         :;:         :;:  * 

"Some  ministers  ask  for  leave  of  absence  for  such  trivial  ob- 
jects in  comparison  with  the  salvation  of  the  soul  that  I  fear  tins 
give  occasion  to  others  to  think  that  such  ministers  do  not  be- 
lieve that  the  salvation  of  the  soul  is  as  important  as  they  preach 
it  is  the  special  province  of  the  chaplains  to  look  after  the  spirit- 
ual interests  of  the  army,  and  I  greatly  desire  to  see  them  evin- 
cing a  rational  zeal  proportional  to  the  importance  of  their 
mission.  Do  not  believe  that  I  think  the  chaplains  are  the  only 
delinquents.  I  do  not  believe,  but  know,  that  I  am  a  great  de- 
linquent, and  I  not  only  design  saying  what  1  have  said  respecting 
the  laxness  of  chaplains  to  apply  to  all  of  them.  I  would  like  to 
see  each  Christian  denomination  send  one  of  its  great  lights  into 
the  army.  By  this  arrangement  I  trust  that  if  any  one  should 
have  denominational  feelings  that  they  will-  not  be  in  the  way 
of  advancing  a  common  and  glorious  causo." 

Jackson  evidently  lived  by  faith,  and  conquered  by  prayer.  It 
was  said  of  him,  that  when  he  was  not  fighting  he  was  general,  y 
praying.  Visitors  to  his  quarters  often  complained  because  ii 
took  him  so  long  to  conclude  his  devotions,  and  they  meanwh.Ie 
waiting  patiently  without.  At  all  times  and  seasons  he  seemed 
to  recognize  the  presence  of  God,  and  to  be  invoking  the  Divine 
aid,  whether  in  the  midnight  hour  of  the  silent  camp,  in  the  thun- 
der and  tumult  of  the  battle-field,  or  in  his  solitary  forest  strolls 
by  day.  It  is  well  authenticated  that  he  always  sought  especial 
aid  through  prayer  on  the  eve  of  a  conflict,  and  the  published 
saying  of  his  negro  servant  is  vouched  for  as  correct :  "  When 
Mars'r  get  up  two  or  tree  times  in  de  night  to  pray,  den  I  kn 
<lat  somefin's  comm'  next  day.  Bress  de  Lor  ! "  He  was  fre- 
quently observed  to  hold  up  his  left  hand  in  battle,  apparently 
unconscious  of  all  that  was  transpiring  around  him,  and  he  was 
generally  believed  to  be  then  engaged  in  prayer.  Once,  while  so 
occupied,  his  hand  was  struck  by  a  flying  bullet,  but  lie  neither 
winced  nor  lowered  his  hand  until  his  devotions  were  concluded. 

It  is  not  at  all  remarkable  that  his  troops  should  have  been  an- 
imated with  the  spirit,  bravery,  and  confidence  of  such  a  leader. 
There  is  something  mysterious  and  awe-inspiring  in  this  invisible 


communication  between  the  spiritual  and  material  world,  this  si- 
lent acknowledgment  of  the  Divine  essence,  pervading-  all  things, 
and  the  strange  immunity  from  harm  which  the  faith  of  the  sub- 
ject seems-  to  weave  around  him.  The  time,  the  occasion,  and 
the  individual,  beget  a  sympathy  of  feeling  in  the  hearts  of  hie 
followers,  and  some  unappreciable,  magnetic  influence  draws  them 
on  where  the  spirit  of  inspiration  leads.  Men,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, become  superhuman.  Both  their  mental  and  physi- 
cal organism  undergoes  a  change.  Are  we  surprised  that  they 
thought  that  Jackson  bore  a  charmed  life,  or  that,  like  Achilles,  he 
was  actually  invulnerable  from  head  to  heel  !  The  true  secret  of 
his  conduct  was  that  he  had  dedicated  his  soul  to  God,  and  his  life 
unreservedly  to  the  service  of  his  country  and  the  establishment 
of  her  liberties,  and  feared  not  death,  nor  quailed  where  the  post 
of  danger  was  the  post  of  duty. 

Another  instance  of  his  devotion  to  the  cause  he  had  at  heart 
is  recorded  in  a  published  letter,  the  writer  of  which  made  a 
parting  call  upon  him  in  his  tent,  upon  the  banks  of  the  Rappa- 
hannock. •''  As-  we  stood  exchanging  last  words,  (the  letter 
reads'),  some  reference  was  made  to  what  our  ladies  are  doing. 
;  Yes/  said  he,  *  but  the}7  must  not  entice  the  men  away  from 
the  army.  You  may  tell  them  so  for  me.  We  are  fighting  for 
prtnc$plef  for  honor,  for  evcryihiny  we  hold  dear.  If  we  fall,  we 
lose  everything.  TVe  shall  then  be  slaves — we  shall  be  worse  than 
Ao/oes—ire  shall  have  nothing  -uwrth  living  for] 

11  I  am  sure  the  women  of  the  Confederacy  will  give  these  words 
of  the  now  lamented  hero  a  place  in  their  hearts.  Let  them  not 
be  impatient  even  about  their  friends  in  the  army  coming  on 
visits  home.  Let  them  encourage  and  cheer  them  in  staying  at 
their  posts  whenever  and  so  long  as  may  be  necessary. 

-i  But,  whether  there  may  have  been  such  occasion  for  such  a 
suggestion  to  them  or  not,  the  words  which  Jackson  spoke  in  con- 
vection with  it,  are  words  alike  noble  and  solemn,  to  which  every 
man,  as  well  as  woman  in  the  Confederate  States  ought  to  listen. 
C<jt  our  soldiers  inscribe  them  on  their  banners.  Let  our  citizens 
a,t  home  keep  them  before  their  e3Tes.  Let  those  who  are  mad  in 
the  pursuit  of  gain,  amid  the  sufferings  of  their  country,  and 
their  fellow-citizens  give  ear  to  the  tones  of  the  warning  which 
these  words  convey  ! :) 

To  the  casual  observer  there  was  nothing  striking  in  the  form 
or  face  of  Jackson.  In  citizen's  dress,  he  might  have  been  taken 
tor  a  plain  farmer,  of  perhaps  more  than  ordinary  intelligence. 
But  those  who  could  see  nothing  great  in  him  hold  to  the  stage 
idea  of  a  hero.  The  physiognomist  would  have  looked  twice, 
and  a  close  scrutiny  would  have  convinced  him  that  a  man  of  no 
ordinary  abilities  was  before  him.  He  was  a  muscular  man, 
sis  feet  high,  with  clear  white  complexion,  blueish  grey  eyes, 
sharp  nose,  and  a  prominent  chin  set  on  a  powerful  and  weli^ 
«urved  iaw.     His  skull  was  magnificent  in  size  and   shape,  tie 


21 

forehead  both  broad  and  high,  and  balanced  bj  a  long,  deep  mas* 
behind  and  above  the  ear.  Many  are  the  newspaper  description:- 
of  his  personal  appearance,  but  we  prefer  to  give  here  the  im- 
partial testimony  of  a  stranger — an  Englishman,  who  visited  him 
at  his  headquarters  near  Martinsburg  last  year,  and  has  trans 
mitted  to  Blackwood's  Magazine  the  fruits  of  his  observati 
The  narrator  says  : 

"  With  him  we  spent  a  most  pleasant  hour,  and  were  agreeably 
<mrprised  to  find  him  very  affable,  having  been  led  to  expect  thai 
he  was  silent  and  almost  morose.     JOressed  in  his  grey  uniform. 
he  looks  the  hero  that  he  is  ;  and  his  thin,  compressed  lips   and 
calm  glance,  which  meets  yours  unflinchingly,  give  evidence   o\ 
that"  firmness  and  decision  of  character  for  which  he  is  so  famous. 
He  has    a   broad,  open   forehead,  from   which  the  hair   is  iffejl 
brushed  back  ;  a  shapely  nose,  straight   and  rather  long  ;   th:r; 
colorless  cheeks,  with  only  a  very  small   allowance  of  whiskers  : 
a  cleanly  shaven  upper  lip  and  chin,  and  fine  greyish   l>!uo  cyjs. 
rather  sunken  with  overhanging  brows,  which  intensify   ■: i k*  keen- 
ness of  his  gaze,  but  without  imparting  fierceness  to  it.     Such 
are  the  general  characteristics  of  his  face,  and  1  have   only  to  nd>) 
i.hal  D    smile    seems   always   lurking   about  his   mouth   when   la 
speaks,  and  that,  though  his  voice  partakes  slightly  of  that  harsh- 
ness which  Europeans  unjustly  attribute  to  all   Americans,  there 
is  much  unmistakable  cordiality   in  his  manner  ;  and   to   us  h< 
talked  most  affectionately  of  England  and  of  his  brief  but  enj 
able  sojourn  there.     The  religions  element  seems  strongly  devel- 
oped in  him,  and,  though  his  conversation  is  perfectly  free   ff\>m 
all  puritanical  cant,  it  is  evident  that  hois  a  person  who  never 
ioses  sight  of  the  fact  that  there  is   an  omnipresent.  Deity  enter 
presiding  over  the  minutest  occurrences   of  life   as  u«il    as  over 
the  most  important.     Altogether,  as  one  of  Ws  soldiers  said  to  me 
in  talking,  "he  is  a  glorious  fellow  I"  and  after  I  left  him  I  fel; 
that  I  had  at  last  solved  the  mystery  of  "  Stonewall  Brigade."  ana 
discovered  why  it  was  that  it  had  accomplished  such  almost  ml 
raculous  feats.     With  such  a  leader  men  would  go  anywhere  and 
any  amount  of  difficulties,  and.  for  myself,  1  believe,  that,  in- 
spired by  the  presence  of  suph  a  man,  1  should  be  perfectly  h 
sible  to  fatigue,  and  reckon  upon  success  as   a  moral  ci 
While  Gen.  Lee  is  regarded  in  the  light  of  infallible  Jo\ -e.  a  man 
to  be  reverenced,  Jackson  is  loved  and  adored  with  all  that  child- 
like and  trustful   affection  which  the  ancients  are   said   to  1; 
lavished  upon  the  particular  deity   presiding  over  their  affairs. 
The  feeling  of  the  soldiers  of  General  Lee  resembles  that  which 
Wellington's  troops  entertained  for  him — namely,  a  lived  and  un- 
shaken faith  in  all  he  did,  and  a  calm  confidence  of  victory  when 
serving  under  him.     But  Jackson,  like  Napoleon,  is  idolized  with 
that  intense  fervor,  which,  consisting  oi  mingled  personal  attach- 
ment and  demoted  loyalty,  caused  th<?m  to  moot  death  for  his  aafce 
and  bless  him  when  dying1.5. 


22 

This  is  certainly  a  high  tribute  to  the  character  and  estimable 
worth  of  the  heroic  individual  whose  loss  the  nation  has  now  to 
mourn,  and  the  more  to  be  prized  in  consideration  of  its  source. 
His  name  has  already  become  a  synomym  of  true  greatness,  and 
there  is  none  that  will  more  readily  command  the  culogium  of  the 
civilized  world.     The  nations  will  vie  to  do  him  honor. 

We  come  now  to  the  last  of  his  great  services  in  his  country'.-; 
cause.  A  few  nights  before  the  great  battle,  he  was  discussing 
with  one  of  his  aids  the  probability  and  issue  of  a  battle,  when 
ho.  became  unusually  excited.  After  talking  it  over  fully,  lie 
paused  and  with  deep  humility  and  reverence  said,  "  My  trust  is 
in  God,"  then  as  if  the  sound  of  battle  was  in  his  ear,  he  raise! 
himself  to  his  tallest  stature,  and  with  flashing  eyes  and  a  face  all 
blazoned  with  the  fire  of  the  conflict,  he  exclaimed,  "  I  wish  they 
would  come."  This  humble  trust  in  God,  combined  with  the  spirit 
of  the  war-horse  whose  neck  is  "clothed  with  thunder,"  and  who 
"smellcth  the  battle  afar  off,  the  thunder  of  the  captains  and  the 
shouting,"  made  that  rare  and  lofty  type  of  martial  prowess  that 
has  shrined  Jackson  among  the  great  heroes  of  the  world.  Trust 
in  God  and  eagerness  for  the  fray  were  two  of  the  great  elements 
of  that  marvellous  success  that  seemed  to  follow  him  like  a  star, 
so  that  he  was  never  defeated,  or  failed  in  any  thing  he  undertook. 

The  enemy  did  come  at  last,  and  they  came  in  overwhelming 
hosts,  such  as  the  history  of  wars  has  seldom  recorded  for  num- 
bers; threatening  the  annihilation  of  the  Spartan  band  that  were 
summoned  to  oppose  them.  For  a  while  victory  seemed  to  ride 
upon  their  advancing  banners,  and  they  became  so  confident  <>; 
success,  that  they  telegraphed  to  Washington  that  the  triumph  of 
the  Federal  arms  was  assured.  But  Lee,  and  Jackson,  and  Hill, 
and  other  brave  spirits  wTho  did  not  know  defeat,  were  there  to' 
contest  the  field.  When  the  conflict  was  at  its  height,  Jackson 
%was  selected,  as  usual,  to  operate  upon  the  enemy's  flank  and 
rear.  Lee  asked  him  if  he  could  do  it  by  starting  at  three  in  the 
morning  ?  "I  can  do  it  if  you  let  me  start  now,"  was  the  reply. 
"  Use  your  own  discretion,"  said  Lee  ;  and  away  old  Stonewall 
tlew.  This  was  on  Friday  evening.  And  his  movement  was 
swifter  even  than  Lee  contemplated.  Gen.  Hooker  had  occupied 
Saturday  in  awaiting  the  Confederate  attack,  which  was  evidently 
expected  in  front.  The  movements  of  the  enemy  seemed  to  indicate 
that  they  were  retreating,  and  as  the  main  line  of  their  retreat 
was  occupied  by  our  forces,  an  attack  to  recover  that  line  was 
confidently  expected.  What  was  the  surprise,  then,  to  find 
Stonewall  Jackson,  on  Saturday  afternoon,  upon  our  extreme  right 
and  rear,  between  Chancellorsville  and  Germania  Mills? 

No  words  can  convey  the  faintest  impression  of  the  enthusiasm 
luid  confidence,  that  swift  as  the  electric  current  brightened  each 
face,  as  the  news  spread  from  man  to  man  on  our  long  line,  "  Old 
Stonewall's  come  ;  Jackson's  here,  boys  !"  and  the  next  moment 
he  emerged  from  the  timber  on  the  hill  two  hundred  yards  away* 


52 


and  came  dashing  furiously  on.  But  two  of  his  staff  wore  with 
him,  one  of  whom  rode  ten  or  fifteen  steps  behind,  the  other  an 
equal  distance  further  back  ;  all  spurred  their  horses  to  their 
utmost  speed.  Hundreds  qf  hats  were  flying  in  the  air,  and  wild 
shouts  from  the  troops,  as  he  literally  flew  onward.  He  held  his 
own  hat  in  his  left  hand,  giving  it  a  flourish  over  his  head  occa- 
sionally, and  kept  continually  turning  his  face  first  to  the  right, 
then  the  left,  and  presently  disappeared  over  the  crest  of  a  hill 
in  front.  His  presence  was  soon  practically  felt  by  every  one  of 
the  troops.  Under  his  lead  they  abandoned  their  fortifications, 
and  started  forward  in  quick  time  to  attack  the  enemy,  instead  of 
waiting  for  his  onset.  As  they  filed  down  the  road,  the  great, 
General  rode  along  the  lines,  his  clear  gray  eyes  beaming  with 
the  a  'dor  of  the  patriot  soldier,  and  his  whole  face  radiant  in  the 
prospect  of  once  more  hurling  destruction  and  havoc  in  the  serried 
ranks  of  his  country's  invaders. 

Gen.  Hooker's  plan  was  to  make  a  feint  in  strong  fore-  .\  little 
below  Fredericksburg,  as  though  he  intended  to  give-  battle  on 
the  field  of  December  13th,  while  he  moved  his  main  force  higher 
up,  and  crossed  the  river  at  points  about  opposite  Chancellors; 
vine,  which  is  situated  on  the  plank  road  leading  from  Fredericks- 
burg to  Orange  Court  House,  twelve  miles  from  the  former  place; 
and  then  by  moving  out  from  the  river,  and  towards  Spottsylvania 
Court  House  and  Guinea's  Station,  occupy  a  position  on  the  ^ank 
in  the  rear  of  Gen.  Lee. 

Gen.  Lee,  either  knowing  or  correctly  anticipating  a  movement 
of  this  kind,  withdrew  the  whole  of  his  force  (except  (Jen.  Early's 
division  and  Barksdale's  brigade,  which  were  left  to  defend  the 
crossings  at  and  below  Fredericksburg)  and  marched  along  the 
Orange  Court  House  plank  road  to  meet  the  enemy.  As  soon  as 
Gen.  Hooker  became  aware  of  this  movement  knowing  that  a 
battle  in  that  neighborhood  would  be  inevitable,  he  took  position 
above  and  below  Chancellors ville,  and  intrenched  himself  on  both 
sides  of  the  road,  his  w^orks  being  at  right  angles  to  the  road, 
and  facing  towards  Fredericksburg.  When  within  two  or  three 
miles  of  Chancellorsville,  Gen.  Lee  came  upon  the  enemy.  Hen- 
he  placed  the  divisions  of  Gens.  McLaws  and  Anderson  in  posi- 
tion, while  Gen.  Jackson  with  his  corps  was  ordered  up  the  Ca- 
tarpin  road,  leaving  the  plank  road  on  his  right.  After  passing 
up  that  road  until  he  reached  a  point  above  the  position  of  the 
enemy  lie  turned  to  the  right,  and  fell  into  the  plank  road  about 
two  miles  above  Chancellorsville,  and  immediately  behind  the 
enemy's  entrenchments.  This  movement  took  the  Yankees  com- 
pletely by  surprise.  McLaXvs  and  Anderson  fought  them  in  front 
and  extended  their  line  to  the  left,  while  Stonewall  came  down 
like  a  terrible  tornado  upon  his  rear,  at  the  same  time  extending 
his  right  until  the  two  wings  of  our  army  met  upon  the  flank  of 
the  enemy,  who  were  driven  in  wild  confusion  from  their  position 
on  the  road,  and  compelled  to  fall  back  between  that  and  the  river. 


24 

Our  right  and  left  wings  were  then  extended  until  our  iiae* 
jeachedffrom  the  river  below  Chancellorsville,  to  the  riror  above, 
thus  occupy ing  three  sides  of  Hooker's  position.  Our  line  ci" 
battle  then  formed  a  V  with  the  apex  resting  on  the  plank  road  * : 
Chancellorsville,  and  the  enemy  between  that  and  the  river,  a  dis- 
t  ance  of  five  miles  or  thereabouts. 

Never  was  a  more  daring  movement  attempted  and  so  brilliantly 
carried  out ;  never  an  enemy  so  completely  out-generaled.  Froftt 
being  the  flanking  party,  he  suddenly  found  himself  not  only 
flanked,  but  a  strong  and  terrible  force  in  the  rear  of  his  entrench- 
ments. His  prospects  at  this  time  were  gloomy  and  desperate  in 
the  extreme,  while  ours  were  indeed  glorious,  and  would  doubt  - 
Jess  have  been  realized  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  most  sanguine, 
but  that  Gen.  Early,  by  some  (as  yet)  unexplained  means,  allowed 
the  enemy  to  cross  at  Fredericksburg  and  force  him  from  hi* 
strong  position  and  to  advance  three  miles  up  the  plank  road.  In 
consequence  of  this  it  became  necessary  for  Gen.  Lee  to  withdraw 
Gen.  McLaws'  and  a  part  of  Gen.  Anderson'**  division  from  the 
attack  and  send  them  down  the  road  to  drive  the  enemy  back  to 
•Fredericksburg  and  across  the  river.  The  result  was  that  th-- 
pursuit  of  the  flying  enemy  had  to  be  temporarily  abandoned,  and 
Hooker,  taking  advantage  of  this  opportunity  >  so  strengthened 
his  position  on  the  river,  and  on  the  hills  beyond,  as  to  enable 
bim  to  make  his  escape.  If  Gen.  Early  had  held  his  strong  posi- 
tion, Gen.  Lee  would  have  completely  destroyed  Hooker's  army. 
There  is  no  telling  what  the  grand  results  would  have  been. 

Jackson  surpassed  himself  in  that  day's  fight :  but  alas  !  thai, 
great  work  was  his  last !  The  sad  calamity  which  was  to  caW 
forth  tl'ie  tears  of  the  nation  and  drape  every  heart  in  mourning, 
was  about  to  fall  with  its  crushing  weight  of  bereavement,  WtJ 
shrink  from  the  painful  duty  which  is  demanded  of  the  memorialist. 

After  the  close  of  the  fighting  on  Saturday  night,  Gen.  Jackson. 
in  company  with  a  number  of  his  own  and  a  part  of  the  staff  of 
A.  P.  Hill,  had  ridden  beyond  tlie  front  line  .of  skirmishers,  as  was 
often  his  wont.  When  he  had  finished  his  observations,  and  was 
returning,  about  S  o'clock,  the  cavalcade  was,  in  the  darkness  of 
the  night,  mistaken  for  a  body  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  fired 
upon  by  a  regiment  of  his  own  corps.  He  was  struck  by  three 
bails  :  one  through  the  left  arm,  two  inches  below  tne  shoulder 
joint,  shattering  the  bone  and  severing  the  chief  artery  ;  another 
ball  passed  through  the  same  arm,  between  the  elbow  and  wrist, 
making  its  exit  through  the  palm  of  the  hand;  a  third  ball  entered 
the  palm  of  the  right  hand  about  its  middle,  and  passing  through, 
broke  two  of  the  bones.  He  fell  from  his  horse  and  was  caught 
by  Captain  Wormley,  to  whom  he  remarked  :  "  All  my  wounds  are 
by  my  own  men."  He  had  given  orders  to  fire  at  anything  coining 
h  >  the  road  before  he  left  the  lines.  The  enemy's  skirmisher 
MPpeared  ahead  of  him  and  he  turned  to  ride  back.  Just  then, 
<i'>mo  one  cried  out.   "  cavalry  !"  *  ebarge  !"  and  immediately  fch* 


•  ♦ 

regiment  fired.  The  whole  party  broke  forward  to  ride  tarougj? 
^ur  line  to  escape  the  fire.  Capt.  Boswell  was  killed  and  carried 
through  the  line  by  his  horse  and  fell  amid  our  own  men.  Co" 
Crutchfield,  Chief  of  Staff,  was  wounded  by  his  side.  Two  courier? 
were  killed.  Major  Pendleton,  Lieutenants  Morrison  and  Smith. 
aids,  escaped  uninjured. 

#0 en,  Jackson-  was  immediately  placed  on  a  litter  and  stalled 
#  for  the  rear.;  the  firing  attracted  the  attention  of  the  enemy,  and 
*as  resumed  by  both  lines.  One  of  the  litter  bearers  wa*x  i 
down,  and  the  General  fell  from  the  shoulders  of  the  men.  receiving 
a  severe  contusion,  which  added  to  the  injury  of  the  arm  and 
injuring  the  side  severely.  The  enemy's  fire  of  artillery  on  the 
point  was  terrible.  General  Jackson  was  left  for  five  minutes 
until  the  fire  slackened,  then  placed  in  an  ambulance  and  carried 
to  the  field  hospital  at  Wilderness  Ran.  lie  lost  a  large  amount 
of  blood,  and  at  one  time  told  Dr.  McGuire  he  thought  ho 
dying,  and  would  have  bled  to  death,  but  a  tourniquet  was  imme- 
diately applied.  For  two  hours  he  was  near  pulseless  from  the 
shock.  As  he  was  being  carried  from  the  field,  frequent  enquiries 
were  made  by  the  soldiers,  "  Who  have  you  there?"  He  told»th'- 
Doctor,  "Do  not  tell  the  troops  1  am  wounded."     He  itemed  I 

re  lain  his  usual  cheerfulness. 

• 

Conversing  with  an  aid,  he  pointed  to  his  mutilated  arm  and 
^uid,  "Many  people  would  regard  this  as  a  great' misfortune;  I 
regard  it  as  one  of  the  greatest  blessings  of  my  life."  Mr.  S. 
remarked.  "All  things  work  together  for  good,  to  those  that  km 
Cod."     "Yes.  ye-v'  he  emphatically  said,  "that's  it,  that's  i 

After  reaction  a,  consultation  was  held  between  Drs.  Black. 
'  'oleman,  Walls  and  McGuire,  and  amputation  was  decided  upon. 
He  was  asked.  "If  we  find  amputation  necessary  shall  it  be  done 
at  once?"  He  replied,  "Yes!  certainly.  Dr.  McGuire,  do  forme 
whatever  you  think  right."  The  operation  was  performed  while 
under6  the  influence  of  chloroform,  and  was  borne  well.  Once 
during  the  amputation  he  swooned,  and  was  for  some  minutes 
unconscious.  When  he  had  partially  recovered,  some  •  • 
!iira  how  he  felt.  He  replied  cheerfully,  "Very  comfortable,"  then 
paused  for  an  instant,  as  though  recalling  suddenly  something 
forgotten  ;  and  with  kindling  eye  and  lips  compressed,  spoke  out 
in  the  firm  sharp  tone  of  command  :  "  Order  forward  the  infantry 
in  the  front  !'" 

Noble  man  !    it  was   nor   a  passing  vagary   of  delirium,    bttt 

rather  a  momentary  forgetfulness  of  self,  his  situation  and  his 
wounds,  and  an  anxious  concern  for  the  charge  that  had  been  en- 
i rusted  to  him.  Presently  he  remarked  to  a  friend  the  pleasure - 
abloness  of  the  sensations  in  taking  chloroform  ;  stating  thai 
he  was  conscious  of  every  thing  that  was  done  to  him,  that  tb< 
-awing  of  his  bone  sounded  to  him  like  the  sweetest  music,  and 
every  sensation  was  ona  of  delight. 


26 

Meanwhile  a  messenger  had  been  despatched  to  Gen.  Lee  with 
the  intelligence  of  this  severe  misfortune.  It  was  about  4  o'clock 
on  Sunday  morning.  The  General  was  found  asleep  upon  a  pallet 
of  straw,  where  he  had  sought  rest  during  the  short  respite  from 
battle  that  the  interval  of  night  afforded.  When  informed  of 
what  had  occurred,  he  said  fervently:  "Thank  God,  it  is  no 
worse  ;  God  be  praised  that  he  is  still  alive,"  then  added,  "  Arty 
victory  is  a  dear  one  that  deprives  us  of  the  services  of  Jackson, 
erven  for  a  short  time." 

Upon  the  informant  mentioning  that  he  believed  it  was  General 
Jackson's  intention  to  have  pressed  them  on  Sunday  had  he  not 
have  fallen,  General  Lee  quietly  said  :  "  These  people  shall  be 
pressed  to-day,"  at  the  same  time  rising.  Hastily  dressing*  and 
partaking  of  his  simple  fare  of  ham  and  cracker,  he  sallied  forth, 
unattended,  and  made  such  dispositions  as  rendered  the  Sabbath 
a  blessed  day  for  our  cause,  even  though  a  Jackson  had  fallen 
among  its  leaders. 

The  letter  of  Lee  to  Jackson,  so  full  of  characteristic  generos- 
ity and  heartfelt  sorrow  for  his  friend,  is  worthy  the  highest  p*lace 
ameng  the  memorials  of  great  men.  "  Greater  love  hath  no  man 
than  this,  that  he  lay  down  his  life  for  his  friend." 

Chanceli«orsville,  May  4th. 
General — I  have  just  received  your  note  informing  me  that  you 
were  wounded.     I  cannot  express  my  regret  at  the  occurrence. 
Gould  I  have  dictated  events,  I  should  have  chosen  for  the  good 
of  the  country  to  have  been  disabled  in  your  stead. 

I  congratulate  you  upon  the  victory  which  is  due  to  your  skill 
and  energy.  * 

Most  truly  your»,  R.  E    LEE. 

Jackson  heard  the  letter  read,  and  with  manifest  emotion.  His 
reply  was  noble,  and  just  what  might  have  been  expected  of  him. 
With  his  usual  modesty  and  reverence,  he  said  :  "  Genera*!  Lee 
should  give  the  glory  to  God."  He  always  seemed  jealous  of  tin' 
glory  of  his  Saviour.  Then,  bursting  into  tears,  he  exclaimed, 
"  far  better  for  the  Confederacy  that  ten  Jacksons  had  fallen  than 
one  Lee !" 

Another  touching  evidence  of  General  Lee's  appreciation  of 
Jackson  was  afforded  when  Mrs.  Jackson  reached  his  headquar- 
ters in  search  of  her  wroundcd  husband.  She  is  said  to  have  re- 
marked, upon  entering  : 

"I  am  told  that  Gen.  Jackson  has  lost  his  left  arm." 

"Yes,  madam,"  was  Gen.  Lee's  reply;  "and  I  have  lost  my 
right." 

Par  ndbile  frairum  !  What  reciprocity  of  esteem  !  The  loves 
of^  Damon  and  Pythias  arc  more  than  rivalled  by  those  of  these 
twin  heroes  in  arms — these  soldiers  of  the  church  militant.  Pa- 
triotism is  exalted  in  the  lives  and  death  of  such  good  men. 


2? 

On  Sunday  morning*  Jackson  slept  well,  was  cheerful,  and  his 
condition  every  way  encouraging.  He  sent  for  Mrs.  Jackson  and 
asked  minutely  about  the  battle,  spoke  cheerfully  of  the  result, 
and  said,  "  If  I  had  not  been  wounded,  or  had  had  an  hour  more  of 
daylight,  I  would  have  cnt  off  the  enemy  from  the  road  to  the  U. 
S.  Ford,  and  we  would  have  had  them  entirely  surrounded  and 
they  would  have  been  obliged  to  surrender,  or  cut  their  way  out  : 
thoy  had  no  other  alternative.  My  troops  may  sometimes  fail  in 
'hiving  the  enemy  from  a  position,  but  the  enemy  always  fail  to 
drive  my  men  from  a  position."     This  was  said  smilingly. 

When  it  was  told  him  that  Gen.  Stuart  led  his  old  Stonewall 
Brigade  to  the  charge  with  the  watchword;  "charge,  and  re- 
member Jackson/'  and  that  inspired  by  this  they  made  so  brilliant 
and  resistless  an  onset,  he  was  deeply  moved,  and  said,  "it  was 
just  like  them  ;  it  was  just  like  them.  They  are  a  noble  body  of 
men."     He  was  deeply  affected  by  Gen.  Paxton's  death. 

In  the  afternoon  he  complained  of  the  fall  from  the  litter,  al- 
though no  contusion  or  abrasion  was  perceptible  as  the  result  of 
the  fall  ;  he  did  not  complain  of  his  wounds — never  spoke  of  them 
unless  asked. 

On  Sunday  evening  he  slept  well. 

On  Monday  he  was  carried  to  Chancellors' House,  near  Guinea's 
Depot  ;  he  was  cheerful,  talked  about  the  battle,  the  gallant  bear- 
in-*  of  Gen.  Rhodes,  and  said  that  his  Major  General's  commis- 
sion ought  to  date  from  Saturday  ;  of  the  grand  charge  of  his  old 
Stonewall  Brigade,  of  which  he  had  heard  ;  asked  after  all  his 
officers  ;  during  the  day  talked  more  than  usual,  and  said  :  "  The 
men  who  live  through  this  war  will  be  proud  to  say,  I  was  one  of 
the  Stonewall  Brigade  to  their  children."  He  insisted  that  the 
term  "Stonewall"  belonged  to  them  and  not  to  him. 

During  the  ride  to  Guinea's  he  complained  greatly  of  heat,  and 
besides  wet  applications  to  the  wound,  begged  that  a  wet  cloth 
be  applied  to  his  stomach,  which  was  done,  greatly  to  his  relief, 
as  he  expressed  it.  He  slept  well  Monday  night,  and  ate  with 
relish  on  next  morning. 

Tuesday — his  wounds  were  doing  very  well.  He  asked,  "Can 
you  tell  me  from  the  appearance  of  my  wounds,  how  long  I  will 
be  kept  from  the  field."  He  was  greatly  satisfied  when  told  they 
were  doing  remarkably  well.  Did  not  complain  of  any  pain  in 
his  side,  and  wanted  to  see  the  members  of  his  staff,  but  was  ad- 
vised not. 

Wednesday — The  wounds  looked  remarkably  well.  He  ex- 
pected to  go  to  Richmond  this  day,  but  was  prevented  by  the 
rain.  This  night,  whilst  his  surgeon,  who  had  slept  none  for 
three  nights,  was  asleep,  he  complained  of  nausea,  and  ordered 
his  boy,  Jim,  to  place  a  wet  towel  over  his  stomach.  This  was 
done.  About  daylight  the  surgeon  was  awakened  by  the  boy 
saying,  the  General  is  suffering  great  pain.  The  pain  was  in  the 
right  side,  and  due  to  incipient  pneumonia  and  some  nervousness, 
which  he  himself  attributed  to  the  fall  from  the  litter. 


28 

That  pneumonia  was  the  immediate  cause  of  his  death,  and  was 
contracted  on  the  night  preceding  that  on  which  he  received  his 
rounds,  through  his  unselfish  anxiety  for  the  health  of  a  young 
member  of  his  staff.  They  were  in  the  open  air,  without  tent?, 
and  having  no  extra  covering  at  all,  after  great  urgency  he  ac- 
cepted the  cape  of  one  of  his  aids.  In  the  night,  however,  when 
all  were  wrapped  in  deep  sleep.  Jackson,  arose,  and  gently  laying 
the  covering  over  the  young  aid,  he  laid  down  again  and  slept 
without  any  protection  whatever.  In  the  morning  he  awoke  with, 
a  cold  which  ended  in  pneumonia. 

Inexplicable  dispensation  of  Providence  !  that  he  should  have 
been  not  only  shot  down  by  the  bullets  of  his  friends,  but  that 
his  very  love  for  them  should  have  turned  to  his  own  detrirneiil 
and  death.  Truly,  he  laid  down  his  life  for  his  men.  But  it  was 
so  predestined.  He  had  fulfilled  his  great  purpose  in  history,  and 
wrought  out  the  mission  for  which  he  was  ordained  of  Providence. 
"  Pying,  he  left  no  stain  which,  living,  he  would  wish  to  blot." 

Thursday — Mrs.  Jackson  arrived,  greatly  to  his  joy  and  satis- 
faction, and  she  faithfully  nursed  him  to  the  end.  He  continue!' 
hopeful,  and  endeavored  to  cheer  those  who  were  around  him. 

His  mind  ran  very  much  on  the  Bible  and  religious  topics,  lie 
enquired  of  Lieutenant  S.,  a  Theological  student  on  his  staff, 
whether  they  had  ever  debated  in  the  Seminary  the  question, 
whether  those  who  were  miraculously  cured  by  Jesus  ever  had  a 
return  of  the  disease.  "  I  do  not  think,"  he  said,  "  they  could 
have  returned,  for  the  power  was  too  great.  The  poor  paralytic 
would  never  again  shake  with  palsy.     Oh  !  for  infinite  power  !:: 

By  evening  of  that  day  all' pain  had  ceased.  Ho  suffered 
greatly  from  prostration.  On  Friday  he  suffered  r.o  pain,  but  the 
prostration  increased. 

Sunday  morning,  when  it  was  apparent  that  he  was  rapidly 
sinking,  Mrs.  Jackson  was  informed  of  his  condition.  Noticing 
the  sadness  of  his  beloved  wife,  he  said  to  her  tenderly,  "  I  know 
you  would  gladly  give  your  life  for  me,  but  I  am  perfectly  re- 
signed. Do  not  be  sad — I  hope  I  shall  recover.  Pray  for  roe, 
but  always  remember  in  your  prayer  to  use  the  petition,  thy  will 
be  done."  Those  who  were  around  him  noticed  a  remarkable  de- 
velopment of  tenderness  in  his  manner  and  feelings  during  hi- 
illness,  that  was  a  beautiful  mellowing  of  that  iron  sternness  and 
impurturbable  calm  that  characterized  him  in  his  military  opera- 
tions. Advising  his  wife,  in  the  event  of  his  death,  to  return  t<> 
her  father's  house,  he  remarked,  "  You  have  a  kind  and  good 
father.  But  there  is  no  one  so- kind  and  good  as  your  Heavenly 
Father."  When  she  told  him  that  the  doctors  did  not  think  he 
could  live  two  hours,  although  he  did  not  himself  expect  to  die. 
he  replied,  "It  will  be  infinite  gain  to  be  translated  to  Heaven, 
and  be  with  Jesus,  It  is  all  right."  He  had  previously  said. 
"  I  consider  these  wounds  a  blessing  ;  they  were  given  me  for  some 
good  and  wise  purpose,  and  I  would  not  part  with  them  if  I 
could."     He  then  said  he  had  much  to  say  to  her.,  rjut  was  tot) 


II 

weak.  At  one  time  he  was  offered  stimulants  to  prolong  his  ex- 
istence, but  these  he  refused  to  take.  Short!  v  after  his  mind  be- 
gan to  wander.  He  had  always  desired  to  die,  if  it  were  G 
will,  on  the  Sabbath,  and  seemed  to  greet  its  light  that  day  with 
peculiar  pleasure,  saying,  with  evident  delight,  *'  it  is  the  Lord's 
day,"  aud  enquired  anxiously  what  provision  had  been  made  for 
preaching  to  the  army  ;  and  having  ascertained  that  arrange- 
ments were  made,  he  was  contented.  Delirium,  which  occasion- 
ally manifested  itself  during  the  last  two  days,  prevented  some  of 
the  utterances  of  his  faith  which  would  doubtless  have  otherwise 
been  made.  His  thoughts  vibrated  between  religious  subjects 
and  the  battle-field,  now  asking  some  question  about  the  Bible, 
or  church  history,  and  then  giving  an  order,  "  Pass  the  infantry 
to  the  front,"  <:  Tell  Major  Hawks  to  send  forward  provisions 
tho  men,"  '•  A.  T.  Hill,  prepare  for  action,7'  "  Let  us  cross  over 
The  river,  and  rest  under  the  shade  of  the  trees,"  until  at  last, 
amid  the  full  recognition  of  the  hand  of  God  in  his  destiny,  at  a 
quarter  past  three  o'clock,  his  gallant  spirit  gently  passed  over 
the  dark  river,  and  entered  on  its  rest  where  the  tree  of  life  is 
blooming  beside  the  crystal  river  in  the  better  country. 

Thus  passed  away  the  high-souled,  heroic  man,  falling  like  Sid- 
ney and  Hampden  in  the  beginning  of  the  struggle  to  which 
life  was  devoted,  bequeathing  to  those  who  survive  him  a  name 
.j ad  memory,  that  under  God  may  compensate  for  his  early,  and 
ro  us  apparently  untimely  fall.  A  little  child  of  the  family,  when 
the  hero  was  dying,  was  taunted  with  Jackson's  wound  by  some 
of  the  prisoners  who  were  collected  there  awaiting  transporta- 
tion, f*  We  have  a  hundred  Jacksons  left  if  he  does  die,"  was 
the  heroic  reply  of  the  child.  And  so  wc  trust  it  will  be.  The 
epirk  of  Jackson  will  be  breathed  into  a  thousand  hearts  which 
will  emulate  his  bravery,  and  seek  to  make  up  for  his  loss,  and  in 
ihe  end  his  memory  and  glory,  his  holy  life,  his  manly  piety,  anri 
his  glorious  death  may  be  a  richer  blessing  to  us  than  if  his  life 
had  been  spared.  His  high  religious  character,  his  courage,  skill, 
rapidity  of  motion,  and  marvellous  success,  had  given  him  a  hold 
on  the  army  such  as  no  other  man  had,  and  it  was  felt  that  his 
very  name  was  a  symbol  of  victory.  There  was  no  man  who  in- 
spired the  enemy  with  so  much  terror,  or  for  whom  they  had  in 
their  secret  heart  a  more  unbounded  respect.  He  has  shown  the 
way  to  victory,  and  we  trust  that  many  a  gallant  spirit  will  come 
•  forward  eagerly  to  tread  it,  and  that  our  dead  hero  shall  be  worth 
to  us  more  than  a  host  of  living  ones.  It  will  be  if  we  copy  his 
piety  as  well  as  his  bravery,  and  like  him,  cherish  the  feeling  that 
lie  so  strikingly  expressed  as  he  paced  his  tent  before  the  battle. 
'•  My  trust  is  in  God — I  wish  they  would  come  on." 

The  age  of  Gen.  Jackson,  as  given  on  the  silver  plate  of  his 
coffin,  is  as  follows  :  Lieutenant-General  Thomas  J.  Jackson.— 
Born  January  21st,  1824  ;  died  May  10th,  1863.  He  was,  therefore, 
a  little  above  39  vears  of  age.     A  few  days  before  the  battle  ot 


30 

Chancellorsvilie  his  photograph  was  successfully  taken.  Gait 
had  just  before  his  death,  secured  a  has  relief t  and  Volk,  while 
Jackson's  body  was  lying  in  state  at  the  Governor's  mansion, 
took  a  cast  which  is  said,  by  those  who  have  seen  it,  to  be  a  per- 
fect fao  simile. 

Gen.  Jackson  was  twice  married.  The  first  time  to  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Dr.  Junkin.  Her  children  all  died.  His  widow  was 
Miss  Morrison,  of  North  Carolina,  and,  with  an  infant  daughter 
of  six  months,  now  survives  him. 

The  announcement  of  his  death  spread  a  gloom  over  the  whole 
country.  It  was  a  bitter  disappointment ;  for  the  people,  know- 
ing the  nature  of  his  wounds,  had  fondly  promised  themselves 
that  his  invaluable  services  would  soon  be  restored  to  the  Repub- 
lic. They  hoped  that  he  might  live  to  enjoy  in  an  honorable 
peace  the  reward  of  his  toils  and  dangers  in  the  camp.  But  an 
all-wise  Providence  decreed  differently,  and  the  country  must  bow 
reverently  before  the  decision  of  the  Omnipotent  One.  A  pain- 
ful interest  attaches  to- the  order  of  Gen.  Lee,  announcing  to  the 
army  their  great  bereavement 

Headquarters,  Army  Northern  Va,,  } 
May  11,  1863.      j 
General  Orders,  No.  61. 

With  deep  grief  the  commanding  General  announces  to  the 
army  the  death  of  Lieut.  Gen.  T.  J.  Jackson,  who  expired  on  the 
10th  inst.,  at  3|  p.  m.  The  daring,  skill  and  energy  of  this  great 
and  good  soldier,  by  the  decrees  of  an  all-wise  Providence,  are 
now  lost  to  us.  But  while  we  mourn  his  death,  we  feel  that  hia 
spirit  still  lives,  and  will  inspire  the  whole  army  with  his  indomi- 
table courage  and  unshaken  confidence  in  God  as  our  hope  and 
our  strength.  Let  his  name  be  a  watchword  to  his  corps,  who 
have  followed  him  to  victory  on  so  many  fields.  Let  officers  and 
soldiers  emulate  his  invincible  determination  to  do  everything  in 
the  defence  of  our  beloved  country 

R.  E.  LEE,  General. 


THE     OBSEQUIES. 


At  4  o'clock,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  11th  of  May,  the  mortal 
remains  of  Jackson  were  received  in  Richmond  from  Guinea's 
Depot,  in  Caroline  county. 

The  announcement  ^iat  they  would  arrive  at  12  o'clock  caused 
an  entire  suspension  of  business,  and  a  turn  out  at  the  depot  of 
nearly  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  city,  who  were  anxious  to  pay 
the  last  tribute  of  respect  to  the  departed  chieftain.  When  it  was 
known  that  the  body  would  not  reach  the  city  before  4  o'clock. 
the  immense  crowd  slowly  dispersed,  but  assembled  again  at  the 
last  hour  indicated  in  even  greater  force  than  before.  The  toll- 
ing of  the  different  bells  gave  the  signal  that  the  cars  were  slowly 
wending  their  way  down  Broad  street,  when  preparations  were 
made  for  the  reception  of  the  body  by  an  appropriate  disposition 
of  the  military. 

The  train  was  stopped  at  the  corner  of  4th  and  Broad  streets, 
and  after  a  short  delay  the  coffin  containing  the  body  was  removeil 
to  the  hearse  in  attendance.  It  was  enveloped  in  the  neio  flag  of 
the  Confederacy,  and  the  first  use  that  was  ever  made  of  it  was 
thus  to  enwrap  the  remains  of  the  departed  chieftain.  This  cir- 
cumstance alone  is  sufficient  to  cons^jrate  the  newly  adopted 
banner  in  the  hearts  of  the  people.  On  the  flag  were  placed 
wreaths  of  evergreen  and  rare  flowers.  A  few  minutes  before  five 
o'clock  Gen.  Elzy  gave  the  command  and  the  procession  started. 

The  procession  (the  military  with  reversed  arms)  marched 
slowly  to  the  corner  of  Ninth  street,  and  turned  toward  Main,  en- 
tering the  Capitol  Square  by  the  gate  on  Grace  street.  The  mili- 
tary having  formed  a  line  extending  across  the  Square  past 
Washington's  monument,  the  body  was  slowly  conveyed  down 
the  line  to  the  Governor's  mansion,  and  carried  into  the  large  re- 
ception room.  The  bells  were  tolled  till  sundown,  till  which  time 
hundreds  of  people  remained  on  the  Square.  Never  before  was 
such  a  heartfelt  and  general  manifestation  of  grief  in  Richmond, 
at  any  event,  as  was  then  and  there  enacted. 

The  following  day  the  body  was  transferred  from  the  Gover- 
nor's House  to  the  Capitol.  At  noon  a  long  procession  passed 
through  the  streets  of  the  city.  The  arms  of  the  soldiers  were 
reversed,  their  banners  were  draped  in  mourning.  The  drums 
were  muffled  and  the  notes  of  trumpet  and  horn  were  funereal. 
The  tolling  bell  and  the  cannon  booming  at  long  intervals,  told 
a  mournful  story. 

The  war-worn  veterans  of  Picket's  division  were  there.  Ewell, 
brave,  modest  and  maimed,  rode  close  to  the  hears*e  of  his  great 


it 

commander.  The  President  of*  the  Confederate  States,  pale  and 
sorrowful,  was  there*.  The  good  Governor  of  Virginia,  stricken 
with  grief  for  the  loss  of  the  noble  townsman,  was  there. 
The  Heads  of  Departments,  the  State  and  Metropolitan  Au- 
thorities, and  many  citizens,  walked  humbly  and  sadly  behind 
the  coffin,  decked  with  spring  flowers  and  enveloped  in  the 
folds  of  a  flag  which  the  nations  of  the  earth  have  never 
beheld.  And  they  were  silent  as  before.  All  was  hushed  while 
the  mortal  remains  of  the  best  and  best  beloved  chieftain  in  all 
the  land  passed  onward  to  the  Capitol  of  the  State  and  the  'Con- 
federacy, which  he  had  so  heroically  defended  and  died  to  save 
from  pollution.  The  body  of  Stone  wall  •Jackson  was  in  the 
hearse,  and  this  great  procession  was  in  his  honor. 

It  was  under  the  charge  of  Gen.  George  W.  Randolph,  as 
Ohief  Marshal,  and  consisted  of  the  following  civil  and  military 
bodies  : 

The  Public  Guard,  with  Armory  Band,  followed  by  the  19th 
and  56th  A7irginia  Infantry,  Major  Wren's  Battalion  of  Cavalry. 
and  the  Richmond  Lafayette  Artillery,  all  preceded  by  a  full  band; 
the  hearso,  drawn  by  four  white  horses,  appropriately  capari- 
soned, the  hearse  draped  and  plumed,  and  the  coffin  wrapped  in 
the  Confederate  flag  and  decorated  with  flowers  ;  the  pall-bearers, 
consisting  of  the  staff  of  the  lamented  hero,  and  several  other  of- 
ficers of  high  rank,  wearing  the  insignia  of  mourning  ;  carriages 
containing  first  his  Excellency,  the  President,  and  the  family  of 
the  deceased,  followed  by  personal  friends  and  distinguished  ad- 
mirers ;  the  various  Chiefs  of  Departments,  State  and  Confeder- 
ate,- civil,  military  and  judicial ;  the  Governor  of  the  State,  at- 
tended by  his  aids  ;  the  Mayor  of  the  city  and  Members  of  the 
Council- 

On  either  side  and  in  the  rear  an  immense  throng  of  ladies  and 
gentlemen,  children,  servants  and  soldiers  mingled,  ready  to  move 
along  with  the  procession.  The  banners  were  draped  with  crape, 
the  swords  of  the  military  officials  were  draped  at  the  hilt  ;  the  can- 
non of  the  artillery  wore  the  sad  insignia,  the  arms  of  the  infantry 
were  reversed,  the  drums  were  muffled,  and  at  the  given  hour  a  gun 
stationed  bene.ath  the  monument,  boomed  forth  the  signal  for  mo- 
tion. The  streets  were  crowded  with  people,  the  stores  were  closed 
as  the  pageant  moved  along,  and  from  many  windows  and  balco- 
nies floated  flags,  draped  in  mourning.  The  flags  upon  the  public 
buildings  remained,  as  on  the  day  previous,  at  half-mast.  Tin1 
scene  upon  Main  street  was  beyond  adequate  description,  so  im- 
pressive, so  beautiful,  so  full  of  stirring  associations,  blending 
with  the  maitial  dirges  of  the  bands,  the  gleam  of  the  musket, 
rifle  and  sabre  drawn,  the  sheen  of  the  black  cannon,  the  thou- 
sands of  throbbing  hearts,  and  the  soul  of  sorrow  that  mantled 
over  all. 

From .  Second  street,  through  which  the  procession  partly 
passed,  it  wheeled  into  Grace  street,  down  which  it  returned  to 


the  Capitol  square,  entering-   the  Monument  gate. 

stages  of  the  obsequies  the  cannon  which  remained  station* 

the" foot  of  the  Monument,  pealed  out  a  tone  oi*  thunder,  w] 

heightened  the  effect  of  the  tolling  beils,  the  solemn  mjo 

the  grand  display.     The  hearse  being  drawn  up  in  froni 

Capitol,  the  coffin  was  removed  to  the  hall  of  the  II 

resentafives,  where  it  was  laid  in  state  in  front  of  V 

seat.     Thousands  crowded  into  the  building,  manyb- 

did  boquets  with  which  to  adorn  the  coffin.   .  One  look,  tl 

sufficed  not,  was  all  that  could  be  obtained  by  .  tfw 

throng  behind  pressing  each  visitor  forward  ;  the" 

mighty  warrior  in  death's  repose,  graven  apon  . 

upon  the  tablets  of  the  memory  of  all.     ( 'hildren  of  1 

niaiden  and  youth,   who  had  never  seen    " StonefWall" 

living,  crowded  in  full  of  the  parental  injunction  to  i 

features  of  "  Stonewall  ?  Jackson  dead.     What  a  memor; 

youthful   minds   bore  away,  to  be  recalled  when  their  child 

children  speak  of  him  in  after  years.     It  was  estimn 

Iwenty  thousand  persons  viewed  the  body. 

The  face  of  the  dead  displayed  the  same  indomit; 
ilrmness,  with  the  long*,  slightly  acquiline  nos<',  and  i 
of  marble  whiteness,  but  the  checks  presented  a  deep  pal 
f^elids  were  firmly  closed,  the  mouth  natural,  and  tl  o  w 
tour  of  the  face  composed,  the  full  beard  and  moustache 
ing.     The  body  was  dressed  in  a  full  citizens  suit,  ^J^Hfc  ' 
object  of  his  friends  to  preserve  the  uniform  in  whi: 
and  fell.     The  doors  of  the  Hall  were  kept  open 
nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  when  they  w.ere  clos 
took  her  farewell  of  "  Stonewall n  Jackson. 

It  waaa  the  last  wish  of  the  dying  hero  thai 
buried  in  Lexington,  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  amii 
familiar  to  his  eyes  through  the  years  of  hi 
and  unrecorded,  but  perhaps  filled  with  recoljectii 
less  affecting  ■  than  those  connected  with  tJtjc  bri 
period  passed  upon  a  grander  stage.     This  desir< 
such  a  time,  demanded  unhesitating  compliance, 
will  regret  that  his  remains  could  not  have  lain  be 
Tyler  and   Monroe,  in  the  seeluded  spot   upon   the 
James,  which  has  been  well  selected  as  the  place 
honor  for  the  illustrious  dead  of  Virginia,     fa  .accordance  with 
this  desire  Jackson's  body  was  removed  to  Lexington,  when 
arrived  on  the  afternoon  of  Thursday,  the  14th  < 
was  attended  by  the  corps  of  cadcts/under  Gen.  F.  H.  Smith,  the 
professor  of  the  Institute,  and  a  large  number  of  c 
escorted  in  solemn  procession  to  the  Institute  barracks,  where  it. 
was  deposited  in  the  old  lecture  room  of  the  illustrious  d 
The  room  was  just  as  he  left  it  two  years  before,  save  it  was  h 
vily  'draped  in  mourning — not.  having  been  occupies 
absence.     The  hall  which  had  so  often  echoed  the  voic 
3 


34 

modest  and  unknown  professor,  received  back  the  laurel-crowned 
hero  with  the  applause  of  the  world  and  the  benedictions  of  a  na- 
tion resting  upon  him.  It  was  a  touching  scene,  and  brought 
tears  to  many  eyes  when  the  body  was  deposited  just  in  front  of 
the  favorite  chair  from  which  his  lectures  were  delivered.  Pro- 
fessors, students,  visitors,  all  were  deeply  moved  by  the  sad  and 
solemn  occasion,  and  gazed  in  mute  sorrow  on  the  affecting  spec- 
tacle of  the  dead  hero  lying  in  his  familiar  lecture  room.  Guns 
were  fired  every  half  hour  during  the  day  in  honor  of  the  departed 
chieftain. 

On  Friday,  religious  services  were  hcld.in  the  church  in  which 
he  had  delighted  to  worship  God  for  ten  years  before  the  begin- 
ning of  his  late  brilliant  career.  They  were  conducted  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  White,  the  only  pastor  Gen.  Jackson  ever,  had  after  he 
became  an  avowed  soldier  of  the  Cross — a  pastor  whom  he  ten- 
derly loved,  and  whose  religious  counsels  he  modestly  sought, 
even  in  the  midst  of  the  most  absorbing  scenes  through  which  he 
had  passed  during  the  last  two  years.* 

A  civic  and  military  procession  was  afterwards  formed,  con- 
spicuous in  which  were  those  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  old 
Stonewall  Brigade  who  happened  at  the  time  to  be  in  the  county. 
It  awakened  thrilling  associations  to  see  the  shattered  fragments 
of  this  famous  Brigade  assembled  under  the  flag  of  the  heroic 
Liberty  Hall  boys.  The  same  flag  which  for  some  time  was 
the  Regimental  standard  of  Jackson's  old  Fourth  Regiment,  and 
which  that  regiment  carried  in  triumph  over  the  bloody  field  of 
Manassas,  on  the  ever-memorable  21st  day  of  July. 

Slowly  and  sadly  moved  the  funeral  procession — the  body  envel- 
oped in  the  flag  of  his  country  and  covered  with  flowers,  and  borne 
on  a  caisson  of  the  Cadet  Battery  draped  in  mourning ;  and  when  the 
escort  returned  from  its  solemn  duty,  all  that  remained  to  earth  of 
Jackson  had  been  deposited  in  the  silent  tomb  where  reposed  the 
relics  of  his  former  wile  and  child. 

"He  sleeps  his  last  sleep,  he  has  fought  his  last  battle. 
Ko  sound  can  awake  him  to  glory  again." 


JiCKSON  is  no  more  !  In  the  words  of  his  beloved  companion  in 
arms,  Gen.  Beauregard,  "The  illustrious  soldier,  Lieutenant  Gen. 
Thomas  J.  Jackson  is  dead.  The  memory  of  his  high  worth,  con- 
spicuous virtues  and  momentous  services  will  be  treasured  in  the 
heart  and  excite  the  pride  of  this  country  to  all  time.  His  renown 
Is  already  identified  with  our  revolution;  and  even  our  enemy 
admits  his  unselfish  devotion  to  our  cause,  and  admires  his  eminent 
qualities." 

Yea,  truly,  even  his  enemies  were  constrained  to  do  him  honor 
—-to  praise  his  valor,  and  acknowledge  his  virtues.     Not  one  dare 

*See  Appendix  B, 


utter  a  breath  of  slander  against  him.  While  living,  he  won  their 
Admiration,  and  called  forth  many  a  lusty  demonstration  of  their 
approval.  It  is  a  solemn  fact  that  the  11,000  Federal  prisoners 
captured  at  Harper's  Ferry  cheered  him  heartily  when  he  presented 
himself.  Sow  cold  in  death,  they  give  him  their  verbal  tributes, 
which  we  esteem  as  born  not  so  much  of  generous  emotions,  as 
wrung  from  them  by  the  demands  of  an  exacting  conscience  ! 

"  Jackson  (says  one  Federal  journalist)  was  the  most  brilliant 
rebel  General  developed  by  this  war.  From  his  coolness  and  sa- 
gacity, rapid  movements  and  stubbornness  in  the  fight,  and  his 
invariable  good  fortune,  he  resembled  Napoleon  in  his  early  career, 
more  than  does  any  other  General  of  modern  times.  Wherever 
Jackson  appeared  on  any  field,  victory  seems  to  have  perched 
upon  his  banners.  He  was  a  universal  favorite  in  the  rebel 
armies,  aud  popular  even  in  our  own.'' 

Another  says  :  ''Stonewall  Jackson  was  a  great  General,  a 
brave  soldier,  a  noble  Christian,  and  a  pure  man.  Every  One  who 
possesses  the  slightest  particle  of  magnanimity  must  admire  the 
qualities  for  which  Stonewall  Jackson  was  celebrated — his  hero- 
ism, his  bravery,  his  sublime  devotion,  his  purity  of  character. 
lie  is  not  the  first  instance  of  a  good  man  devoting  himself  to  a 
bad  cause." 

Others  sing  praises  in  similar  strain.  Hut  we  pass  then!  by. 
We  care  little  for  the  emanations  of  such  as  these.  To  his  old 
classmate  and  companion  in  arms  (in  Mexico,)  we  ascribe  a  more 
tender  sentiment  and  higher  motives.  Says  MeClellan,  the  best  of 
the  Federal  Generals  :. 

"  Xo  one  can  help  admiring  a  man  like  Jackson;  lie  was  sin- 
cere, and  trim,  and  valiant.  Yet  no  one  has  disappointed  me  more 
than  he  has.  Jackson  was  one  of  my  classmates,  and  at  College 
never  promised  to  be  the  man  he  has  proved  himself,  lie  was 
always  very  slow,  and  acquired  a  lesson  only  after  great  labor. 
And  yet  his  determination  was  so  great  that  he  never  gave  any- 
iliing  up  until  he  succeeded.  His  character  seems  to  have  changed 
since,  for  he  has  exhibited  a  great  celerity  in  all  his  movement*, 
while  in  command  of  rebel  forces.  Lee  is  perhaps  the  most  able 
commander  the  rebels  have,  and  Jackson  was  their  best  executive 
officer." 

We  forbear  to  extend  this  hasty  sketch  of  our  country's  idol — 
for  idolized  he  was,  and  perhaps  that  is  why  he  was  taken  from 
us  ;  yet  we  cannot  refrain  from  appending  here  the  beautiful 
tribute  to  his  memory  with  which  some  gifted  pen  has  graced  the 
pages  of  the  Charleston  Courier : 

"A  General  whose  fame  has  filled  the  world,  whose  martial 
achievements  have  placed  his  name  high  in  the  list  of  immortal 
conquerors,  has  gone  to  the  grave  in  the  midst  of  his  days.  And 
not  only  does  the  country  lament  the  death  of  a  soldier  who  has 
never  lost  a  battle,  who  was  always  in  the  right  place  at  the  right 
time,  and  who  never  failed  to  smite  the  foe  with  a  fierce  and  re- 


36 

!;!.  but  one,  who,  to  the  higher  qualities  of  a  military 

those  traits  and  features  that  gave  him  a  pi 

ii!  !  fmoSt  heart  of  the  people.     The  skill,  and  valor,  and 

e.!'  with  which  he  fought,  elicited  profound  and  universal 

admiration  ;  the  humility,  purity  and  godliness  that  adorned  his 

•r  as  a  man,  made  him  an  object  of  reverence  a,nd  love. 

Wielded  a  trenchant  blade,  but  that  blade  was  sanctified  with 

the  breath  of  prayer,  and  he  was  not  more  at  home  on  the  field  oi' 

blood  than  at  the  mercy  scat. 

lendid  martial  exploits  are  too  fresh  in  the  memory  t<> 

justify  the  special  mention  of  them.     We  remember  with  tearful 

the  magnificent  achievements  he  performed,  at  a  time 

When  the  country  was  depressed  by  a  series  of  military  disaster:-; 

and  the  enemy  were  exulting  over  the  expectation  of  speedy  and 

Success,  signal  and  glorious  success,  crowned 

attle  he  fought,  and  every  victory  he  won  yielded  results 

Oft  ,t  value  to  the  sacred  cause  in  which- he  imperilled 

me. 

•'  Of  all  •  raisin  the  army  of  the  (Confederacy,  none  pos- 

larger  degree  than  the  hero  whose  death  we  deplore, 

f  endearing  himself  to  the  officers  and  men  under  his 

portion  of  our  forces  were  required  to  do  more 

to  encounter  greater  danger  and  endure  more 

'  privations  than  the  soldiers  he  led  into  bat 

:  <\v  no  general  in  command  who  is  more  respccte- i 

;  red  and  beloved  than  lie  was.  His  men  were  ever  ready  to 

and  fight.     It  was  eriqjugh  for  them  to  know  that 

lie  r&pured  the  service,  and  no  matter  what  was  its  nature,  the 

oi'  the  noble  chieftain  rendered  it  with  cheerful 

I'ity  ancl  hearty  earnestness.     They  appreciated  the  rare  char- 

■;■  of  the  remarkable  man.     They  perceived  that  he  was  actu- 

highest.  motives  yielded  by  patriotism  and  Christianity. 

as  careless  of 'his  ease  as  he  was  of  Ids  life,  and 

the  inspiration  of  the  same  grand  motives,  and  sustained 

i'V  the  same  lofty  sense  of  duty,  they  took  pleasure  in  imitating 

:  le  of  their  fearless  leader. 

d  the  feeling  of  enthusiastic  admiration  with  which  lie  in- 

spir  ;  inn nediately  under  his  leadership,  was  shared 

e  by  every  officer  and  private  in  the  Army  of  the 

Potomac.     His   appearance  was  always  greeted  with  bursts  of 

appjause,  and  no  matter  how  worn  and  weary  the  champions  of 

when  the  Moved  chieftain  was  seez:  approaching  the  air 

rent  with  deafening  shouts.     He  was  th»e  idol  of  the  army. 

id  outside  the  army  every  lip  delighted   to  praise  him,  and 

sartdid   him   honor.     His   brilliant  exploit*  hadsoirn- 

bhe  people  with  a  sense  of  his  distinguished  abilities  and 

ident  worth,  that  they  deemed  it  well,  nigh  impossible  thai 

defeat  could  befall  our  army  if  Jackson's  sword  was  .there,  made 

b  by  Jackson's  prayers.     Ancl  while  every  fre«8^  success 


enhanced  the  lustre  of  fame,  the  victories  he  won  were  rejoiced 
over  with  a  richer  gash  of  joy,  because  they  were  accepted  aa 
manifest  tokens  of'  the  gracious  favor  with  which  heaven  re- 
garded our  cause.  The  country  believed  that  the  green  and  fra- 
grant wreaths  that  encircled  his  brow  were  placed  there  by  Him 

i  knighted  Jacob  near  the  brook  Jabbok  and  every  victory 
he  won  was  received  as  a  declaration  that  as  a  Prince  he  had 
•wrestled  with  God  and  had  prevailed.  These  feelings 'of  rever- 
ence and  admiration  and  love,,  now  find  expression  iu^  the  tears 
that  agony  forces  from  the  heart,  as  the  country  looks  Sown  with 
troubled  brow  upon  the  face  of  the  hero,  pale  and  cold  in  death. 
Every  one  feels  as  though  he  had  sustained  a  personal  bereave- 
ment. The  shadow  of  this  terrible  grief  rests  upon  every  heart. 
Every  home  and  every  heart  is  clothed  in  mourning.  The  country 
weeps.  When  Absalom  fell  his  father  poured  out  deep  lamenta- 
tions over  his  untimely  end,  and  regretted  that  he  had  not  died  in 
the  stead  of  his  son,  but  there  was  no  one  beside  the  royal 
mourner  who  would  have  been  willing  to  sacrifice  his  life  to  ra 
the  unnatural  culprit  from  the  doom  stern  justice  inflicted  upon 
him.     There  is  not  a  man  worthy  to  take  part  in  this  terrific  con- 

who  would  not  have  cheerfully  poured  out  his  life  blood  if  his 
death   could   have  been    accepted  in   the  stead  of  that  glorious 
chieftain.     In    the  agony  of  this  overwhelming  sorrow  we 
claim,   '  YVtmld  to  God  I  had  died  for  thee  Vn 

And  now,  as  we  turn  sorrowfully  away  from  the  shrine  at  which 
we  have  offered  our  simple  tribute,  we   will  leave  thereon  this 
dtiful  immortelle — a  myrtle  wreath  of  poesy  which  the  Lynch- 
burg Virginia?)  has  lovingly  twined  in  honor  of  the  good  man  : 

*      JACKSON! 


Greatness  befallen* !     See,  ye  sons  of  earth. 
The  conqueror  conquered,  even  in  the  birth 
Of  loft j  victory,  and  wonder  at  the  change  ! 
But  yesteif-eve  his  thoughts  on  fields  did  range: 
His  eye  was  'rapt  in  blaze,  and  freedom  slept 
Secure  within  his  bdsom,  where  she'd  crept 
For  greater  safety  in  the  dreadful  hour, 
When  wrathful  tyranny  unchained  its*  power. 
And  bade  her  choose  between  submission's  shame. 
And  loss  of  country,  honor,  and  of  name. 
Now  beams  no  more  the  eye's  heroic  light : 
No  more  the  pulse  beats  with  a  stern  delight  ; 
Xo  more  the  sword  directs  the  march  of  war : 
( 'ldsed  is  the  ear  to  the  deep  sullen  roar 
1  'f  mighty  combat — to  th'  extdting  shout 
v  )f  marshalled  vicfry  on  the  heels  of  rout — 
He  who  in  battle  showed  a  Ca?sars  skill, 


33 

A  Bayards  fearlessness,  a  Cromwell's  will, 

But  who  surpassed  them  all  iu  this— that  crowned 

With  laurels  such  as  never  yet  have  hound 

With  greater  beauty  the  triumphant  head, 

Cave  all  the  praise  to  God — the  God  who  led 

Old  Israel's  hosts,  when  Pharaoh  hemmed  their  v,  ay, 

Thro'  the  dark  waters  unto  Canaan's  day — 

He,  too,  is  fallen! 

Now  the  very  breath 
Of  war  seems  hushed,  astonished  at  the  death, 
Which  its  red  hand  has  wrought  upon  the  chief 
Of  all  its  daring  spirits. 

On  the  leaf 
Where  splendid  actions  and  immortal  names 
Blend  their  rich  colors  in  the  midst  of  names, 
Behold  in  characters,  which  like  the  lightnings  ran, 
J  ackson,  the  hero,  patriot,  Christian,  man ! 
Ages  shall  sing  his  praise  :  a  nation  weeps — 
Behold,  how  still  the  spirit  of  the  mighty  sleeps ! 


THE   END. 


APPENDIX    A. 


The  Stonewall  Brigadb. — The  regiments  that  compose  the  "  Stonewall 
Brigade"  are  the  2d,  4th,  5th,  27th,  and  33d  Virginia  regiments  of  infantry. 
They  alone  won  the  name  and  are  entitled  to  the  honors. 

The  Stonewall  Artillery  consists  of  the  Rockbridge  Artillery,  formerly 
Penldeton's  Battery,  and  Carpenter's  Battery,  from  Alleghany. 

The  members  of  the  Stonewall  Brigade  were  justly  proud  ef  their  com- 
mander, and  Jackson  was  equally  jealous  of  the  fame  of  his  men.  After 
his  fatal  wound,  he  often  alluded  to  them  in  terms  of  honest  pride  and  af- 
fection, both  while  conscious  and  in  his  moments  of  delirium.  He  in- 
sisted that  the  name  of  "  Stonewall''  belonged  to  them  and  not  to  him,  and 
fais  dying  wish  was  that  they  should  be  known  and  designated  as  the  Stone- 
wall Brigade.  It  is  said  that  he  frequently  expressed.the  desire  that  Gen. 
R.  S.  Ewell  should  Succeed  to  the  command  of  the  Gorps,  an  officer  who 
enjoyed  his  fullest  coufidence.  Be  that  as  it  may,  this  gentleman  has 
since  been  promoted  to  fill  the  place  of  his  lamented  and  illustrious  pre- 
decessor, and  on  the  29th  of  May  was  duly  installed,  to  the  general  satis- 
faction of  the  army.  The  following  resolutions  wore  adopted  by  the 
Brigade  on  the  occasion  of  Jackson's  death : 

Camp  Paxton,  near  Fredericksburg,) 
May  16th,  1863.      / 

Whereas,  it  has  pleased  Almighty  God,  in  the  exercise  of  supreme,  but 
unsearchable  wisdom,  to  strike  down,  in  the  midst  of  his  career  of  honor 
and  usefulness,  our  glorious  hero,  Lieut.  Gen.  Jackson,  the  officers  and  men 
of  this  Brigade,  which  he  formerly  commanded,  who  have  followed  him 
through  the  trying  scenes  of  this  great  struggle,  and  who,  by  the  blessings 
of  Providence,  under  his  guidance,  have  been  enabled  to  do  some  good  in 
our  country's  cause  ;  who  loved  and  cherished  him  as  a  friend,  honored 
him  as  a  great  and  good  man,  laboring  with  hand  and  heart  and  mind  for 
our  present  and  future  welfare ;  who  obeyed  and  confided  in  him  a3  a 
leader  of  consummate  skill  and  unyielding  fortitude,  and  who  now  mourn 
his  loss,  unite  in  the  following  tribute  of  respect  to  his  memory: 

Resolved  1.  That,  in  the  death  of  Lieutenant  General  Jackson,  the  world 
has  lost  one  of  its  best  and  purest  men — our  country  and  the  Church  oi 
God  "a  bright  and  shining  light" — the  army  one  of  its  boldest  and  I 
daring  leaders,  and  this  Brigade  a  firm  and  unwavering  friend. 

Resolved  2.  That  General  Jackson  has  closed  his  noble  career  by  a  death 
worthy  of  his  life,  and  that  while  we  mourn  for  him,  and  feel  that  no  other 
leader  can  be  to  us  all  that  he  has  been,  yet  we  are  not  cast  down  or  dis- 
pirited, but  even  more  determined  to  do  our  whole  duty,  and  if  need  be, 
to  give  our  lives  for  a  cause  made  more  sacred  by  the  blood  of  our 
martyrs. 

Resolved  3.  That,  in  accordance  with  General  Jackson's  wish,  and  the  de- 
sire of  this  Brigade  to  honor  its  first  great  commander,  the  Secretary  of 
War  be  requested  to  order  that  it  be  known  and  designated  as  the  "  Stone* 
wall  Brigade  ;"  and  that,  in  thus  formally  adopting  a  title  which  is  insep- 
arably connected  with  his  name  and  fame,  we  will  strive  to  render  ourselves 
more  worthy  of  it,  by  emulating  his  virtues,  and,  like  him,  devote  all  our 
energies  to  the  great  work  before  us,  of  securing  to  our  beloved  country 
the  blessings  of  peace  and  independence. 

C.  A.  RONALD,  Pic  si  dent, 

R.  W.  Hunter,  Secretary. 


APPENDIX    B. 


The  following  papers  explain  the  honors  which  were  paid  to  the  memory 
of  General  Jackson,  at  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  where  for  ten  years 
he  filled  a  Professor's  Chair  : 

Adjutant  Gen  Br  al' a  Otfich,  Va.  l 
May  11th,  1863.      J 
Major-General  F.  H.  Smith,  Superintendent  Virginia  Military  Institute  : 

Sir:  By  command  of  the  Governor  I  have  this  day  to  perform  the  most 
painful  duty  of  my  official  life,  in  announcing  to  you.  and  through  you  to 
the  Faculty  and  Cadets  of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute — the  death  of  the 
great  and  good,  the  heroic  and  illustrious  Lieutenant  General  T.  J.  Jackson, 
nt  16  minutes  past  3  o'clock,  yesterday  afternoon. 

The  heavy  bereavement,  over  which  every  true  heart  within*the  bounds 
of  th'e  Confederacy  mourns  with  inexpressible  sorrow,  must  fall,  if  possi- 
ble, with  heavier  force  upon  tbat  noble  State  Institution  to  which  he  came 
from' the  battle  fields  of  Mexico,  aud  where  he  gave  lo  his  native  State  the 
first  years'  service  of  his  modest  and  unobtrusive,  but  public  spirited  and 
useful  life.  It  would  be  a  senseless  waste  of  words  to  attempt  a  eulogy 
upon  this  great  among  the  greatest  of  the  sons  who  have  immortalized 
Virginyi.  To  the  corps  of  Cadets  of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  what 
a  legacy  he  has  left;  what  an  example  of  all  that  is  good  and  great  and 
true  in  the  character  of  a  Christian  soldier ! 

The  Governor  directs  that  the  highest  funeral  honors  be  paid  to  his  mem- 
ory, that  the  customary  outward  badges  of  mourning  be  w<  '!   the 
officers  and  cadets  of  the  Institution. 
£>y  command. 

W.  II.  RICHARDSON,  Adjutant  G 


Headquarter.-  Virginia  Military  Institute,) 

May  13,  1863.      j 
General  Orders  No.  80. 

It  is  the  painful  duty  of  the  Superintendent  to  announce  to  the  officers 
and  cadets  of  this  Institution,  the  death  of  their  late  associate  aud  pro- 
fesssor,  Lieutenant  General  Thomas  J.  Jackson.  He  died  at  Guinea^ 
Station,  Caroline  county,  Va.,  on  the  10th  instant,  of  pneumonia,  after  a 
short  but  violent  illness,  supervening  upon  the  severe  wounds  received  in 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  A  nation  mourns  the  loss  of  Gen.  Jackson. 
First  in  the  hearts  of  the  brave  men  he  has  so  often  led  to  victory,  there 
is  not  a  home  in  this  Confederacy  that  will  not  feel  the  loss,  aud  lament  it 
as  a  great  national  calamity.  But  our  loss  is  distinctive.  He  was  peculi- 
arly our  own.  He  came  to  us  in  1851,  a  Lieutenant  and  Brevet  Major  of 
Artillery,  from  the  Army  of  the  late  United  States,  upon  the  unanimous 
appointment  of  the  Board  of  Visitors,  as  Professor  of  Natural  and  Experi- 
mental Philosophy  and  Instructor  of  Artillery.  Here  he  labored  with  scru- 
pulous fidelity,  for  ten  years,  in  the  duties  of  these  important  offices.  Here 
he  became  a  Soldier  of  the  Cross  ;  and,  as  a  humble,  conscientious  and 
useful  Christian  man,  die  established  the  character  which  he  has  developed 
the  world  renowned  Christian  hero.  On  the  20th  of  April,  1861, 
npon  the  order  of  his  Excellency,  Governor  Letcher,  he  left  the  Institutej 


in  command  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets,  for  Camp  Lee,  Bichinoud,  for  service 
in  the  defence  of  his  State  and  country ;  and  he  has  never  known  a  day  of 
rest,  until  called  by  the  Divine  command  to  cease  from  his  labors. 

The  military  career  of  Gen.  Jackson  fills  the  most  brilliant  and  momen- 
tous page  in  the  history  of  our  country,  and  inthe  achievements  of  our 
arms,  and  he  stands  forth  a  colossal  figure  in  this  war  for  our  inde- 
pendence. 

His  country  now  returns  him  to  us — not  as  he  was  when  he  left  u.-  :  his 
spirit  has  gone  to  God  who  gave  it.     His  mutilated  body  comes   back  to 
u5 to  his  home — to  be  laid  by  us  in  his  tomb.     Reverently  and  affection- 
ately we  will  discharge  this  last  solemn  duty.     And, 
"  Though  his  earthly  sun  is  set; 
His  light  shall  linger  round  us  yet. 
t^(  Bright— radiant — blest.'' 

Young  gentlemen  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets — The  memory  of  General  Jack-' 
son  is  preciflus  to  you.  You  know  how  faithfully,  how  conscientiously  hg 
discharged  every  duty.  You  know  that  he  was  emphatically a  man  of  God. 
and  that  christian  principle  impressed  every  act  of  his  life.  You  know 
how  he  sustained  the  honor  of  our  arms,  when  he  commanded  at  Harper' 

Ferry how  gallantly  he  repulsed  Patterson  at  Hainesville — the  invincible 

stand  he  made  with  his  Stonewall  Brigade  at  Manassas.  You  know  the  bril- 
liant series  of  successes  and  victories  which  immortalized  his  Valley  cam- 
paign—for many  of  you  were  under  his  standard  at  McDowell,  and  pursued 
the  discomfitted  Milroy  and  Schenck  to  Franklin.  You  know  his  rapfd  march 
16  tbeChickahominy — how  he  turned  the  flank  of  McClellan  at  Gaines'  Mill — 
his  subsequent  victory  over  Pope  at  Cedar  Mountain — the  part  he  bore  in  the 
great;  victory  at  second  Manassas — his.  investment  and  capture  of  Harper'f 
Ferry— h is  rapid  march  and  great*  conflict  at  Sharpsburg— and  when  hi.- 
last  conflict  was  passed,  the  tribute  of  the  magnanimous  Lee,  who  would 
o-ladly  have  suffered  in  his  own  person,  could  he,  by  that  sacrifice,  have 
saved  Gen.  Jackson,  and  to  whom  alone,  under  God,  he  gave  the  whole 
glory  of  the  great  victory  at  Chancellorsville.  Surely,  the  Virginia  Military 
Institute  has  a  precious  inheritance  in  the  memory  of  Gen.  Jackson. 

His  work  is  finished  :  God  gave  him  to  us  and  his  country  ;  He  fitted  him 
for  -his  work,  and  when  his"  work  was  done,  He  called  him  to  Himself. 
Submission  to  the  will  of  his  Heavenly  Father— it  may  be  said. of  him. 
that  while  in  every  heart  there  may  be  some  murmuring  — his  will  was  to 
do  and  suffer  the  will  of  God. 

Reverence  the  memory  of  such  a  man  as  General  Jackson  ;  imitate  his 
virtues,  and  here; over  his  lifeless  remains,  reverently  dedicate  your  ser- 
vices and  your  life,  if  need  be,  in  defence  of  that  cause  so  dear  to  his  heart 
—the  cause  for  which  he  fought  and  bled— the  cause  in  which  he  died. 

La.tthe  Cadets?  battery,  which  he  so  longcommanded,  honor  his  mernory 
b 7  half-hour  gun's  to  morrow,  from  sunrise  to  sunset,  under  the  direction 
of  the  commandant  of  the  Cadets. 

Let  the  flag  ot  the  State  and  Confederacy  be  hung  at  half-mast  to- 
morrow. .  .... 

Let   his  Lecture  Boom    be  draped    in    mourning   for  the  period     ;   bix 

months.  ■  ,    .,     . 

Let  the  Officers  and  tadets  of  the  Institute  wear   the  usual    badge  o! 
mourning  for  the  period  of  thirty  days  ;  and  it  is  respectfully  requested 
that  the  Alumni  of  the  Institution   unite  in   this  tribute  of  respeel 
memory  of  their  late  Professor. 

All  duties  will  be  suspended  to-morrow. 

Bv  command  of  Major-General  F.  H.  Smith  ;  « 

'  fSisned^     '  A.  GOVAS   KILL.  A.  A.  \  .  U.  \. 


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